CodeIgniter源码分析之Loader.php

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<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
/**
 * Loader Class
 * 
 * Loader组件在CI里面也是一个很重要的组件,功能也比较明了。
 * 如果已经阅读过Controller组件,会发现Controller组件的代码也只有十来行,但它却可以做很多事,一定程度上
 * 要归功于Loader组件这个好助手或者好基友。
 * 不过Loader组件的代码真的不少,主要以常用的几个方法以主线来探讨:model(),view(),library(),helper();
 */
class CI_Loader {

 // All these are set automatically. Don't mess with them.
 /**
  * Nesting level of the output buffering mechanism
  */
 protected $_ci_ob_level;
 /**
  * List of paths to load views from
  */
 protected $_ci_view_paths  = array();
 /**
  * List of paths to load libraries from
  */
 protected $_ci_library_paths = array();
 /**
  * List of paths to load models from
  */
 protected $_ci_model_paths  = array();
 /**
  * List of paths to load helpers from
  */
 protected $_ci_helper_paths  = array();
 /**
  * List of loaded base classes
  */
 protected $_base_classes  = array(); // Set by the controller class
 /**
  * List of cached variables
  */
 protected $_ci_cached_vars  = array();
 /**
  * List of loaded classes
  */
 protected $_ci_classes   = array();
 /**
  * List of loaded files
  */
 protected $_ci_loaded_files  = array();
 /**
  * List of loaded models
  */
 protected $_ci_models   = array();
 /**
  * List of loaded helpers
  */
 protected $_ci_helpers   = array();
 /**
  * List of class name mappings
  */
 protected $_ci_varmap   = array('unit_test' => 'unit',
           'user_agent' => 'agent');

 /**
  * Constructor
  */
 public function __construct()
 {
  $this->_ci_ob_level  = ob_get_level();
  $this->_ci_library_paths = array(APPPATH, BASEPATH);
  $this->_ci_helper_paths = array(APPPATH, BASEPATH);
  $this->_ci_model_paths = array(APPPATH);
  $this->_ci_view_paths = array(APPPATH.'views/' => TRUE);

  log_message('debug', "Loader Class Initialized");
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Initialize the Loader
  */
 public function initialize()
 {
  $this->_ci_classes = array();
  $this->_ci_loaded_files = array();
  $this->_ci_models = array();
  
  //这个is_loaded方法就是在core/Common.php中定义的全局函数,在Loader组件还没有加载之前,由它来负责记录
  //哪些核心类已经加载过,现在Loader组件要加载了,就把信息交给Loader组件,保存在Loader::$_base_classes中。
  $this->_base_classes =& is_loaded();

  //自动加载,加载项是你在config/autoload.php中设置的。
  $this->_ci_autoloader();

  return $this;
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Is Loaded
  */
 public function is_loaded($class)
 {
  if (isset($this->_ci_classes[$class]))
  {
   return $this->_ci_classes[$class];
  }

  return FALSE;
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Class Loader
  * $library为相应的类名,$params为实例化此类的时候可能要用到的参数,$object_name为给这个类的实例自义定一个名字。
  */
 public function library($library = '', $params = NULL, $object_name = NULL)
 {
  //如果是通过数组加载多个,把它拆开再调用本方法,其实它可以递归调用多维数组,不过没有这个必要。
  if (is_array($library))
  {
   foreach ($library as $class)
   {
    $this->library($class, $params);
   }

   return;
  }

  //接下来两个if都是关于合法性的判断。
  if ($library == '' OR isset($this->_base_classes[$library]))
  {
   return FALSE;
  }

  if ( ! is_null($params) && ! is_array($params))
  {
   $params = NULL;
  }

  //真正把类加载进来的是下面这个方法。
  $this->_ci_load_class($library, $params, $object_name);
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Model Loader
  */
 public function model($model, $name = '', $db_conn = FALSE)
 {
  //可以以数组形式同时加载多个$model
  if (is_array($model))
  {
   foreach ($model as $babe)
   {
    $this->model($babe);
   }
   return;
  }

  if ($model == '')
  {
   return;
  }

  $path = '';

  //判断是否包含目录信息
  if (($last_slash = strrpos($model, '/')) !== FALSE)
  {
   $path = substr($model, 0, $last_slash + 1);

   $model = substr($model, $last_slash + 1);
  }

  //如果没有给当前model定义名字,则以$model本身作为名字。
  if ($name == '')
  {
   $name = $model;
  }

  //如果已经加载过此model,直接退出本函数。
  if (in_array($name, $this->_ci_models, TRUE))
  {
   return;
  }

  $CI =& get_instance();
  //如果加载的model名字与之前加载过的类有冲突,则报错。
  if (isset($CI->$name))
  {
   show_error('The model name you are loading is the name of a resource that is already being used: '.$name);
  }

  //model文件必段是全小写。
  $model = strtolower($model);

  foreach ($this->_ci_model_paths as $mod_path)
  {
   if ( ! file_exists($mod_path.'models/'.$path.$model.'.php'))
   {
    continue;
   }

   //如果要求同时连接数据库。则调用Loader::database()方法加载数据库类。
   if ($db_conn !== FALSE AND ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
   {
    if ($db_conn === TRUE)
    {
     $db_conn = '';
    }

    $CI->load->database($db_conn, FALSE, TRUE);
   }

   //加载父类model。
   if ( ! class_exists('CI_Model'))
   {
    load_class('Model', 'core');
   }

   //引入当前model
   require_once($mod_path.'models/'.$path.$model.'.php');

   //把文件名的第一个字母大写作为类名,规定的命名规范。
   $model = ucfirst($model);

   $CI->$name = new $model();

   //保存在Loader::_ci_models中,以后可以用它来判断某个model是否已经加载过。
   $this->_ci_models[] = $name;
   return;
  }

  show_error('Unable to locate the model you have specified: '.$model);
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Database Loader
  */
 public function database($params = '', $return = FALSE, $active_record = NULL)
 {
  $CI =& get_instance();
  if (class_exists('CI_DB') AND $return == FALSE AND $active_record == NULL AND isset($CI->db) AND is_object($CI->db))
  {
   return FALSE;
  }

  require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB.php');

  if ($return === TRUE)
  {
   return DB($params, $active_record);
  }
  $CI->db = '';

  $CI->db =& DB($params, $active_record);
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Load the Utilities Class
  */
 public function dbutil()
 {
  if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
  {
   $this->database();
  }

  $CI =& get_instance();

  // for backwards compatibility, load dbforge so we can extend dbutils off it
  // this use is deprecated and strongly discouraged
  $CI->load->dbforge();

  require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_utility.php');
  require_once(BASEPATH.'database/drivers/'.$CI->db->dbdriver.'/'.$CI->db->dbdriver.'_utility.php');
  $class = 'CI_DB_'.$CI->db->dbdriver.'_utility';

  $CI->dbutil = new $class();
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Load the Database Forge Class
  */
 public function dbforge()
 {
  if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
  {
   $this->database();
  }

  $CI =& get_instance();

  require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_forge.php');
  require_once(BASEPATH.'database/drivers/'.$CI->db->dbdriver.'/'.$CI->db->dbdriver.'_forge.php');
  $class = 'CI_DB_'.$CI->db->dbdriver.'_forge';

  $CI->dbforge = new $class();
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Load View
  *
  * Loader::view();方法可以和Loader::file()方法一并来阅读,实质上它们都是调用了Loader::_ci_load();方法。
  */
 public function view($view, $vars = array(), $return = FALSE)
 {
  return $this->_ci_load(array('_ci_view' => $view, '_ci_vars' => $this->_ci_object_to_array($vars), '_ci_return' => $return));
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Load File
  */
 public function file($path, $return = FALSE)
 {
  return $this->_ci_load(array('_ci_path' => $path, '_ci_return' => $return));
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Set Variables
  */
 public function vars($vars = array(), $val = '')
 {
  if ($val != '' AND is_string($vars))
  {
   $vars = array($vars => $val);
  }

  $vars = $this->_ci_object_to_array($vars);

  if (is_array($vars) AND count($vars) > 0)
  {
   foreach ($vars as $key => $val)
   {
    $this->_ci_cached_vars[$key] = $val;
   }
  }
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Get Variable
  */
 public function get_var($key)
 {
  return isset($this->_ci_cached_vars[$key]) ? $this->_ci_cached_vars[$key] : NULL;
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Load Helper
  */
 public function helper($helpers = array())
 {
  //Loader::_ci_prep_filename()方法只是处理文件名,以返回正确的数组而已。
  //默认helper的文件名是以_helper为后缀,所以参数可以不用写_helper后缀,当然写也不会出错,因为
  //Loader::_ci_prep_filename()会帮你处理掉。
  foreach ($this->_ci_prep_filename($helpers, '_helper') as $helper)
  {
   //如果已经加载过此helper,则跳过。
   if (isset($this->_ci_helpers[$helper]))
   {
    continue;
   }

   //helper的扩展。并非只有类可以扩展,函数也提供了扩展。注意这里是在APPPATH下。
   $ext_helper = APPPATH.'helpers/'.config_item('subclass_prefix').$helper.'.php';
   //如果存在对些helper的扩展。
   if (file_exists($ext_helper))
   {
    //先引入CI自带的helper,再引入我们写的扩展。
    $base_helper = BASEPATH.'helpers/'.$helper.'.php';

    if ( ! file_exists($base_helper))
    {
     show_error('Unable to load the requested file: helpers/'.$helper.'.php');
    }

    include_once($ext_helper);
    include_once($base_helper);

    $this->_ci_helpers[$helper] = TRUE;
    log_message('debug', 'Helper loaded: '.$helper);
    continue;//继续下一个helper的引入。
   }

   //如果没有扩展的话,则分别从APPPATH和BASEPATH,即应用目录和系统目录下找到相应的helper。
   //Loader::_ci_helper_paths默认是APPPATH和BASEPATH两个目录。如果你要再添加新的目录路径,可以
   //通过Loader::add_package_path()方法设置(model,library等同理)
   foreach ($this->_ci_helper_paths as $path)
   {
    if (file_exists($path.'helpers/'.$helper.'.php'))
    {
     include_once($path.'helpers/'.$helper.'.php');

     $this->_ci_helpers[$helper] = TRUE;
     log_message('debug', 'Helper loaded: '.$helper);
     break;
    }
   }

   if ( ! isset($this->_ci_helpers[$helper]))
   {
    show_error('Unable to load the requested file: helpers/'.$helper.'.php');
   }
  }
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Load Helpers
  */
 public function helpers($helpers = array())
 {
  $this->helper($helpers);
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Loads a language file
  */
 public function language($file = array(), $lang = '')
 {
  $CI =& get_instance();

  if ( ! is_array($file))
  {
   $file = array($file);
  }

  foreach ($file as $langfile)
  {
   $CI->lang->load($langfile, $lang);
  }
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Loads a config file
  */
 //这里的config方法,实质是完完全全调用Config组件的load方法而已。
 public function config($file = '', $use_sections = FALSE, $fail_gracefully = FALSE)
 {
  $CI =& get_instance();
  $CI->config->load($file, $use_sections, $fail_gracefully);
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Driver
  */
 public function driver($library = '', $params = NULL, $object_name = NULL)
 {
  if ( ! class_exists('CI_Driver_Library'))
  {
   require BASEPATH.'libraries/Driver.php';
  }

  if ($library == '')
  {
   return FALSE;
  }

  if ( ! strpos($library, '/'))
  {
   $library = ucfirst($library).'/'.$library;
  }

  return $this->library($library, $params, $object_name);
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Add Package Path
  */
 public function add_package_path($path, $view_cascade=TRUE)
 {
  $path = rtrim($path, '/').'/';

  array_unshift($this->_ci_library_paths, $path);
  array_unshift($this->_ci_model_paths, $path);
  array_unshift($this->_ci_helper_paths, $path);

  $this->_ci_view_paths = array($path.'views/' => $view_cascade) + $this->_ci_view_paths;

  $config =& $this->_ci_get_component('config');
  array_unshift($config->_config_paths, $path);
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Get Package Paths
  *
  */
 public function get_package_paths($include_base = FALSE)
 {
  return $include_base === TRUE ? $this->_ci_library_paths : $this->_ci_model_paths;
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Remove Package Path
  */
 public function remove_package_path($path = '', $remove_config_path = TRUE)
 {
  $config =& $this->_ci_get_component('config');

  if ($path == '')
  {
   $void = array_shift($this->_ci_library_paths);
   $void = array_shift($this->_ci_model_paths);
   $void = array_shift($this->_ci_helper_paths);
   $void = array_shift($this->_ci_view_paths);
   $void = array_shift($config->_config_paths);
  }
  else
  {
   $path = rtrim($path, '/').'/';
   foreach (array('_ci_library_paths', '_ci_model_paths', '_ci_helper_paths') as $var)
   {
    if (($key = array_search($path, $this->{$var})) !== FALSE)
    {
     unset($this->{$var}[$key]);
    }
   }

   if (isset($this->_ci_view_paths[$path.'views/']))
   {
    unset($this->_ci_view_paths[$path.'views/']);
   }

   if (($key = array_search($path, $config->_config_paths)) !== FALSE)
   {
    unset($config->_config_paths[$key]);
   }
  }

  $this->_ci_library_paths = array_unique(array_merge($this->_ci_library_paths, array(APPPATH, BASEPATH)));
  $this->_ci_helper_paths = array_unique(array_merge($this->_ci_helper_paths, array(APPPATH, BASEPATH)));
  $this->_ci_model_paths = array_unique(array_merge($this->_ci_model_paths, array(APPPATH)));
  $this->_ci_view_paths = array_merge($this->_ci_view_paths, array(APPPATH.'views/' => TRUE));
  $config->_config_paths = array_unique(array_merge($config->_config_paths, array(APPPATH)));
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Loader
  */
 protected function _ci_load($_ci_data)
 {
  //这里相当于把数组里面的元素拆开成变量。
  foreach (array('_ci_view', '_ci_vars', '_ci_path', '_ci_return') as $_ci_val)
  {
   $$_ci_val = ( ! isset($_ci_data[$_ci_val])) ? FALSE : $_ci_data[$_ci_val];
  }

  $file_exists = FALSE;

  //当Loader::_ci_load()方法是通过Loader::file()调用的时候,则会有$_ci_path的值,如果是
  //如果Loader::view()调用的话,则有$_ci_view的值。
  //如果$_ci_path不为空,则说明当前要加载普通文件。
  if ($_ci_path != '')
  {
   //普通文件。这里只是获得文件名,以便找不到报错时候只报文件名而已。
   $_ci_x = explode('/', $_ci_path);
   $_ci_file = end($_ci_x);
  }
  else
  {
   //视图文件。
   //下面两行操作也是为了让外部可以通过xxx.php或者直接xxx的方式进行传参而已。
   $_ci_ext = pathinfo($_ci_view, PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
   $_ci_file = ($_ci_ext == '') ? $_ci_view.'.php' : $_ci_view;

   foreach ($this->_ci_view_paths as $view_file => $cascade)
   {
    //从Loader::$_ci_view_paths中遍历视图文件,如果找到则退出。
    //(默认仅有APPPATH/view/下,当然也可以通过Loader::add_package()方法设置)
    if (file_exists($view_file.$_ci_file))
    {
     $_ci_path = $view_file.$_ci_file;
     $file_exists = TRUE;
     break;
    }

    //如果没有找到,会根据这个$cascade判断允不允许继续往下一个路径寻找视图文件。
    if ( ! $cascade)
    {
     break;
    }
   }
  }

  //如果找不到文件(普通或视图都一样),则报错。
  if ( ! $file_exists && ! file_exists($_ci_path))
  {
   show_error('Unable to load the requested file: '.$_ci_file);
  }

  //下面这个也很关键,其实视图文件里面的代码都是在属于Loader组件的,什么意思?
  //你可以随便写一个视图文件,然后在里面写上var_dump($this);可以发现,这个$this,是指Loader。
  //为什么会这样子呢?再往下面十几行代码的地方就说明了这一点。
  //这里是把CI所有的属性都开放给Loader组件用,这样在视图文件里面就可以通过$this->xxx的方式调用控制器
  //所有的东西。
  
  $_ci_CI =& get_instance();
  foreach (get_object_vars($_ci_CI) as $_ci_key => $_ci_var)
  {
   if ( ! isset($this->$_ci_key))
   {
    $this->$_ci_key =& $_ci_CI->$_ci_key;
   }
  }

  //在这里把在控制器里面通过$this->load->view("xxx",$data);中的$data解开,这就是为什么可以在视图文件
  //中可以用$data里面的变量的原因。其实还可以通过Loader::vars()方法,设置这些变量,它们会首先保存在
  //Loader::$_ci_cached_vars中
  if (is_array($_ci_vars))
  {
   $this->_ci_cached_vars = array_merge($this->_ci_cached_vars, $_ci_vars);
  }
  extract($this->_ci_cached_vars);

  //我们在控制器中调用$this->load->view()方法,实质视图并没有马上输出来,而是先将它放到缓冲区。
  ob_start();

  //就是这个地方,下面if中有一句eval(xxxx)以及else中有include;而里面的xxxx正是我们要加载的视图文件,
  //所以这就是为什么在视图文件里,var_dump($this),会告诉你当前这个$this是Loader组件,因为视图的代码都是相当于
  //嵌入这个地方。
  if ((bool) @ini_get('short_open_tag') === FALSE AND config_item('rewrite_short_tags') == TRUE)
  {
   echo eval('?>'.preg_replace("/;*\s*\?>/", "; ?>", str_replace('<?=', '<?php echo ', file_get_contents($_ci_path))));//'
  }
  else
  {
   include($_ci_path); 
  }
  
  //经过上面的代码,我们的视图文件的内容已经放到了缓冲区了。

  log_message('debug', 'File loaded: '.$_ci_path);

  //一般情况下,$_ci_return都为FLASE,即不要求通过$this->load->view()返回输出内容,而是直接放到缓冲区静候处理;
  //当然你也可以先拿出数据,在控制器里面处理一下,再输出,例如在控制器中
  //$output=$this->load->view("x",$data,TRUE);,当为TRUE的时候,下面的代码就起作用了。
  if ($_ci_return === TRUE)
  {
   $buffer = ob_get_contents();
   @ob_end_clean();
   return $buffer;
  }

  //下面这个很关键,因为有可能当前这个视图文件是被另一个视图文件通过$this->view()方法引入,即视图文件嵌入视图文件
  //从而导致多了一层缓冲。
  //为了保证缓冲内容最后交给Output处理时,缓冲级别只比Loader组件加载时多1(这个1就是最父层的视图文件引起的)
  //这里必须先flush掉当前层视图引起的这次缓冲,以保证Output正常工作。
  if (ob_get_level() > $this->_ci_ob_level + 1)
  {
   ob_end_flush();
  }
  else
  {
   //如果不是多1,则说明当前引入的视图文件就是直接在控制器里面引入的那个,而不是由某个视图文件再引入的。
   
   //把缓冲区的内容交给Output组件并清空关闭缓冲区。
   $_ci_CI->output->append_output(ob_get_contents());
   @ob_end_clean();
  }
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Load class
  */
 protected function _ci_load_class($class, $params = NULL, $object_name = NULL)
 {
  //去掉后缀.php,是为了方便外部可以通过xxx.php也可以通过xxx.php来传入类名。同时去掉两端的/。
  $class = str_replace('.php', '', trim($class, '/'));

  //因为CI允许通过"dir1/dir2/classname"的格式来组织和加载类,所以还要判断类名中是否包括这些目录信息。
  $subdir = '';
  if (($last_slash = strrpos($class, '/')) !== FALSE)
  {
   //目录部分
   $subdir = substr($class, 0, $last_slash + 1);

   //类名部分
   $class = substr($class, $last_slash + 1);
  }

  //CI允许类文件以大写字母开头或者全小写,下面的遍历,就是在遍历这两种情况。
  foreach (array(ucfirst($class), strtolower($class)) as $class)
  {
   $subclass = APPPATH.'libraries/'.$subdir.config_item('subclass_prefix').$class.'.php';

   //是否有我们开发人员自己写的扩展当前类的扩展?如果有的话,把它加载进来。
   if (file_exists($subclass))
   {
    //先加载父类。
    $baseclass = BASEPATH.'libraries/'.ucfirst($class).'.php';

    if ( ! file_exists($baseclass))
    {
     log_message('error', "Unable to load the requested class: ".$class);
     show_error("Unable to load the requested class: ".$class);
    }

    if (in_array($subclass, $this->_ci_loaded_files))
    {
     
     if ( ! is_null($object_name))
     {
      $CI =& get_instance();
      //我们加载的类最终都是加载给超级控制器的,如果超级控制器已经有的话,那么我们没必要加载。
      //如果没有,则实例它并加载给控制器。,
      if ( ! isset($CI->$object_name))
      {
       return $this->_ci_init_class($class, config_item('subclass_prefix'), $params, $object_name);
      }
     }

     $is_duplicate = TRUE;
     log_message('debug', $class." class already loaded. Second attempt ignored.");
     return;
    }

    //加载类。
    include_once($baseclass);
    include_once($subclass);
    //把已加载的类记录到Loader::_ci_loaded_files中。
    $this->_ci_loaded_files[] = $subclass;

    //调用Loader::_ci_init_class()方法进而实例化。
    return $this->_ci_init_class($class, config_item('subclass_prefix'), $params, $object_name);
   }

   //如果是没有写扩展。方法和上面大致相同,最后都是通过调用Loader::_ci_init_class()方法进而实例化。
  
   $is_duplicate = FALSE;
   foreach ($this->_ci_library_paths as $path)
   {
    $filepath = $path.'libraries/'.$subdir.$class.'.php';
    if ( ! file_exists($filepath))
    {
     continue;
    }

    if (in_array($filepath, $this->_ci_loaded_files))
    {
     if ( ! is_null($object_name))
     {
      $CI =& get_instance();
      if ( ! isset($CI->$object_name))
      {
       return $this->_ci_init_class($class, '', $params, $object_name);
      }
     }

     $is_duplicate = TRUE;
     log_message('debug', $class." class already loaded. Second attempt ignored.");
     return;
    }

    include_once($filepath);
    $this->_ci_loaded_files[] = $filepath;
    return $this->_ci_init_class($class, '', $params, $object_name);
   }

  } // END FOREACH

  //其实正常的话,上面如果找到此类就找到,没找到就没有了。不过CI在会这里做最后的尝试。会不会是放到了一个同名的
  //子目录下。
  if ($subdir == '')
  {
   $path = strtolower($class).'/'.$class;
   return $this->_ci_load_class($path, $params);
  }

  
  //没有找到就报错咯。
  if ($is_duplicate == FALSE)
  {
   log_message('error', "Unable to load the requested class: ".$class);
   show_error("Unable to load the requested class: ".$class);
  }
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 //此方法是用于实例化已经把类文件include进来的类。
 protected function _ci_init_class($class, $prefix = '', $config = FALSE, $object_name = NULL)
 {
  // Is there an associated config file for this class?  Note: these should always be lowercase
  if ($config === NULL)
  {
   // Fetch the config paths containing any package paths
   $config_component = $this->_ci_get_component('config');

   if (is_array($config_component->_config_paths))
   {
    // Break on the first found file, thus package files
    // are not overridden by default paths
    foreach ($config_component->_config_paths as $path)
    {
     // We test for both uppercase and lowercase, for servers that
     // are case-sensitive with regard to file names. Check for environment
     // first, global next
     if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists($path .'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.strtolower($class).'.php'))
     {
      include($path .'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.strtolower($class).'.php');
      break;
     }
     elseif (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists($path .'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php'))
     {
      include($path .'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php');
      break;
     }
     elseif (file_exists($path .'config/'.strtolower($class).'.php'))
     {
      include($path .'config/'.strtolower($class).'.php');
      break;
     }
     elseif (file_exists($path .'config/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php'))
     {
      include($path .'config/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php');
      break;
     }
    }
   }
  }

  if ($prefix == '')
  {
   if (class_exists('CI_'.$class))
   {
    $name = 'CI_'.$class;
   }
   elseif (class_exists(config_item('subclass_prefix').$class))
   {
    $name = config_item('subclass_prefix').$class;
   }
   else
   {
    $name = $class;
   }
  }
  else
  {
   $name = $prefix.$class;
  }

  // Is the class name valid?
  if ( ! class_exists($name))
  {
   log_message('error', "Non-existent class: ".$name);
   show_error("Non-existent class: ".$class);
  }

  // Set the variable name we will assign the class to
  // Was a custom class name supplied?  If so we'll use it
  $class = strtolower($class);

  if (is_null($object_name))
  {
   $classvar = ( ! isset($this->_ci_varmap[$class])) ? $class : $this->_ci_varmap[$class];
  }
  else
  {
   $classvar = $object_name;
  }

  // Save the class name and object name
  $this->_ci_classes[$class] = $classvar;

  // Instantiate the class
  $CI =& get_instance();
  if ($config !== NULL)
  {
   $CI->$classvar = new $name($config);
  }
  else
  {
   $CI->$classvar = new $name;
  }
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Autoloader
  *
  * The config/autoload.php file contains an array that permits sub-systems,
  * libraries, and helpers to be loaded automatically.
  *
  */
 private function _ci_autoloader()
 {
  if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/autoload.php'))
  {
   include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/autoload.php');
  }
  else
  {
   include(APPPATH.'config/autoload.php');
  }

  if ( ! isset($autoload))
  {
   return FALSE;
  }

  // Autoload packages
  if (isset($autoload['packages']))
  {
   foreach ($autoload['packages'] as $package_path)
   {
    $this->add_package_path($package_path);
   }
  }

  // Load any custom config file
  if (count($autoload['config']) > 0)
  {
   $CI =& get_instance();
   foreach ($autoload['config'] as $key => $val)
   {
    $CI->config->load($val);
   }
  }

  // Autoload helpers and languages
  foreach (array('helper', 'language') as $type)
  {
   if (isset($autoload[$type]) AND count($autoload[$type]) > 0)
   {
    $this->$type($autoload[$type]);
   }
  }

  // A little tweak to remain backward compatible
  // The $autoload['core'] item was deprecated
  if ( ! isset($autoload['libraries']) AND isset($autoload['core']))
  {
   $autoload['libraries'] = $autoload['core'];
  }

  // Load libraries
  if (isset($autoload['libraries']) AND count($autoload['libraries']) > 0)
  {
   // Load the database driver.
   if (in_array('database', $autoload['libraries']))
   {
    $this->database();
    $autoload['libraries'] = array_diff($autoload['libraries'], array('database'));
   }

   // Load all other libraries
   foreach ($autoload['libraries'] as $item)
   {
    $this->library($item);
   }
  }

  // Autoload models
  if (isset($autoload['model']))
  {
   $this->model($autoload['model']);
  }
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Object to Array
  *
  * Takes an object as input and converts the class variables to array key/vals
  *
  */
 protected function _ci_object_to_array($object)
 {
  return (is_object($object)) ? get_object_vars($object) : $object;
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Get a reference to a specific library or model
  *
  */
 protected function &_ci_get_component($component)
 {
  $CI =& get_instance();
  return $CI->$component;
 }

 // --------------------------------------------------------------------

 /**
  * Prep filename
  *
  * This function preps the name of various items to make loading them more reliable.
  *
  */
 protected function _ci_prep_filename($filename, $extension)
 {
  if ( ! is_array($filename))
  {
   return array(strtolower(str_replace('.php', '', str_replace($extension, '', $filename)).$extension));
  }
  else
  {
   foreach ($filename as $key => $val)
   {
    $filename[$key] = strtolower(str_replace('.php', '', str_replace($extension, '', $val)).$extension);
   }

   return $filename;
  }
 }
}

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