opencv python 图像直方图

绘制灰度图像直方图

import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread('flower.jpg',0)
plt.hist(img.ravel(),256,[0,256]);
plt.show()

绘制彩色图像直方图

import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread('flower.jpg')
color = ('b','g','r')
# 对一个列表或数组既要遍历索引又要遍历元素时
# 使用内置 enumerrate 函数会有更加直接,优美的做法
#enumerate 会将数组或列表组成一个索引序列。
# 使我们再获取索引和索引内容的时候更加方便
for i,col in enumerate(color):
    histr = cv2.calcHist([img],[i],None,[256],[0,256])
    plt.plot(histr,color = col)
    plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.show()

直方图均衡化

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Thu Jan 16 10:15:23 2014
@author: duan
"""
import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread('flower.jpg',0)
#flatten() 将数组变成一维
hist,bins = np.histogram(img.flatten(),256,[0,256])
# 计算累积分布图
cdf = hist.cumsum()
cdf_normalized = cdf * hist.max()/ cdf.max()
plt.plot(cdf_normalized, color = 'b')
plt.hist(img.flatten(),256,[0,256], color = 'r')
plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.legend(('cdf','histogram'), loc = 'upper left')
plt.show()

# 构建 Numpy 掩模数组, cdf 为原数组,当数组元素为 0 时,掩盖(计算时被忽略)。
cdf_m = np.ma.masked_equal(cdf,0)
cdf_m = (cdf_m - cdf_m.min())*255/(cdf_m.max()-cdf_m.min())
# 对被掩盖的元素赋值,这里赋值为 0
cdf = np.ma.filled(cdf_m,0).astype('uint8')

img2 = cdf[img]
cv2.imshow("img2",img2)
k = cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

直方图均衡化2

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('flower.jpg',0)
equ = cv2.equalizeHist(img)
res = np.hstack((img,equ))
#stacking images side-by-side
cv2.imwrite('res.png',res)
cv2.imshow("res",res)
k = cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

自适应直方图均衡化

import numpy as np
import cv2
img = cv2.imread('flower.jpg',0)
# create a CLAHE object (Arguments are optional).
# 不知道为什么我没好到 createCLAHE 这个模块
clahe = cv2.createCLAHE(clipLimit=2.0, tileGridSize=(8,8))
cl1 = clahe.apply(img)
cv2.imwrite('clahe_2.jpg',cl1)
cv2.imshow("cl1",cl1)
k = cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()