数据库主键和外键

主键，唯一标示一个实体。是保证数据库的实体完整性，保证数据中数据的正确性和合理性，取值非空唯一。

外键，是用来使表与表之间联系。用来保证数据库的参照完整性，外键的取值必须来自参照表参照列的值，可以为空也可不为空。

以学生表，课程表和选课表为例：

create database db003;
use db003;
create table Course(courseId int,teacherId int, primary key (courseId));
create table Student(studentId int,name char(10), primary key (studentId));
create table Choose(studentId int,courseId int, primary key (studentId, courseId),foreign key (studentId) references Student(studentId),foreign key (courseId) references Course(courseId));

alter table Student add mobile int;
alter table Student add age int not null;

insert Course values (001,1001);//ok
insert Course values (001,1002);//错误，不能插入重复键
insert Course values (002,1003);//ok
insert Course values (003,null);//ok

insert Student values (2001,'xiaohong',18888,24);//ok
insert Student values (2002,'xiaowei',1880988,24);//ok

insert Choose values (2001,001);//ok
insert Choose values (2001,002);//ok
insert Choose values (2001,004);//Course表中并没有004的课程

update Course set teacherId=1005 where courseId=001;
update Student set name='xiaoming' where studentId=2002;


delete from Choose where courseId=001 and studentId=2001;
delete from Course where courseId=001;//如果这行先执行，无法成功，因为外键约束的存在性限制

drop table Student;//如果首先是删除Student的话，无法成功，因为有外键约束
drop table Choose;//