View工作原理(一)事件传递原理详解

本文转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/ff20081528/article/details/17353869

一、准备知识

1、视图坐标与布局坐标的区别如下图所示:

这里写图片描述

上图是一个坐标系,这个坐标系是无边无际的。这个无边无际的坐标系即视图坐标。手机屏幕可视范围内的坐标即手机屏幕的布局坐标(坐标原点是屏幕的左上方的(0,0)位置)即A点。屏幕里面的子视图里面可视范围内的坐标即子视图的布局坐标(坐标原点是子视图的左上方的(0,0)位置)即B点。
2、android中布局关系

这里写图片描述

二、例子说明事件分发过程

这里写图片描述

这里我写了一个布局文件,展示效果如上图。当我点击View1,事件的分发过程是这样的:
1、ViewGroup3的dispatchTouchEvent()方法会被调用。
2、ViewGroup3调用ViewGroup2的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。
3、ViewGroup2调用ViewGroup1的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。
4、ViewGroup1会调用View1的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。
5、View1的dispatchTouchEvent()方法调用自己的onTouchEvent()方法。在onTouchEvent方法中处理点击事件。处理完了后会返回一个true给调用它的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。
6、ViewGroup1的dispatchTouchEvent()方法会返回一个true值给ViewGroup2的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。这样一直将则个true值返回到ViewGroup3的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。ViewGroup3在将这个值返回给调用它的方法。这样一个事件分发过程结束。

三、ViewGroup中处理消息的详细过程
通过上面的列子对事件分发的过程有个大概的了解之后,我们通过ViewGroup中的dispatchTouchEvent()方法源码和View中的dispatchTouchEvent()方法及touchEvent方法源码来详细了解android是怎样处理这个过程的。
ViewGroup中的dispatchTouchEvent()方法源码如下:

@Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (!onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            return false;
        }

        final int action = ev.getAction();
        final float xf = ev.getX();
        final float yf = ev.getY();
        final float scrolledXFloat = xf + mScrollX;
        final float scrolledYFloat = yf + mScrollY;
        final Rect frame = mTempRect;

        boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;

        if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            if (mMotionTarget != null) {
                // this is weird, we got a pen down, but we thought it was
                // already down!
                // XXX: We should probably send an ACTION_UP to the current
                // target.
                mMotionTarget = null;
            }
            // If we're disallowing intercept or if we're allowing and we didn't
            // intercept
            if (disallowIntercept || !onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {
                // reset this event's action (just to protect ourselves)
                ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN);
                // We know we want to dispatch the event down, find a child
                // who can handle it, start with the front-most child.
                final int scrolledXInt = (int) scrolledXFloat;
                final int scrolledYInt = (int) scrolledYFloat;
                final View[] children = mChildren;
                final int count = mChildrenCount;

                for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    final View child = children[i];
                    if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE
                            || child.getAnimation() != null) {
                        child.getHitRect(frame);
                        if (frame.contains(scrolledXInt, scrolledYInt)) {
                            // offset the event to the view's coordinate system
                            final float xc = scrolledXFloat - child.mLeft;
                            final float yc = scrolledYFloat - child.mTop;
                            ev.setLocation(xc, yc);
                            child.mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;
                            if (child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev))  {
                                // Event handled, we have a target now.
                                mMotionTarget = child;
                                return true;
                            }
                            // The event didn't get handled, try the next view.
                            // Don't reset the event's location, it's not
                            // necessary here.
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        boolean isUpOrCancel = (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) ||
                (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);

        if (isUpOrCancel) {
            // Note, we've already copied the previous state to our local
            // variable, so this takes effect on the next event
            mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;
        }

        // The event wasn't an ACTION_DOWN, dispatch it to our target if
        // we have one.
        final View target = mMotionTarget;
        if (target == null) {
            // We don't have a target, this means we're handling the
            // event as a regular view.
            ev.setLocation(xf, yf);
            if ((mPrivateFlags & CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT) != 0) {
                ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
                mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;
            }
            return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
        }

        // if have a target, see if we're allowed to and want to intercept its
        // events
        if (!disallowIntercept && onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {
            final float xc = scrolledXFloat - (float) target.mLeft;
            final float yc = scrolledYFloat - (float) target.mTop;
            mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;
            ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            ev.setLocation(xc, yc);
            if (!target.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
                // target didn't handle ACTION_CANCEL. not much we can do
                // but they should have.
            }
            // clear the target
            mMotionTarget = null;
            // Don't dispatch this event to our own view, because we already
            // saw it when intercepting; we just want to give the following
            // event to the normal onTouchEvent().
            return true;
        }

        if (isUpOrCancel) {
            mMotionTarget = null;
        }

        // finally offset the event to the target's coordinate system and
        // dispatch the event.
        final float xc = scrolledXFloat - (float) target.mLeft;
        final float yc = scrolledYFloat - (float) target.mTop;
        ev.setLocation(xc, yc);

        if ((target.mPrivateFlags & CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT) != 0) {
            ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            target.mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;
            mMotionTarget = null;
        }

        return target.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    }

代码说明:

1、(代码2-4行)处理窗口处于模糊显示状态下的消息。所谓的模糊显示是指,应用程序可以设置当前窗口为模糊状态,此时窗口内部的所有视图将显示为模糊效果。这样的目的是为了隐藏窗口中的内容,对于其中的各个视图而言,可以设置改视图的FILTER_TOUCHERS_WHEN_OBSCURED标识,如存在该标识,则意味着用户希望不要处理该消息。
2、(代码6-11行)将ViewGroup的布局坐标转换成视图坐标。
3、(代码16-58行)处理ACTION_DOWN消息,其作用是判断该视图坐标落到了哪个子视图中。首先判断该ViewGroup本身是否被禁止获取TOUCH消息,如果没有禁止,并且回调函数onInterceptTouchEvent中没有消耗该消息,则开始寻找子视图。调用child.getHitRect(frame)方法获取该子视图在父视图中的布局坐标,即ViewGroup将child放在什么位置,这个位置相对于该child来讲是布局坐标,而对于该ViewGroup来讲却是视图坐标,参数frame是执行完毕后的位置输出矩形。得到位置后,就可以调用frame.contain()方法判断该消息位置是否被包含到了该child中,如果包含,并且该child也是一个ViewGroup,则准备递归调用该child的dispatchTouchEvent(),在调用之前,首先需要把坐标重新转换到child的坐标系中。接下来判断该child是否是ViewGroup类。如果是,则诋毁调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent(),重新从第一步开始执行;如果child不是ViewGroup,而是一个View,则意味着诋毁调用的结束。

4、(代码61-68行)如果是ACTION_UP或者是ACTION_CANCEL消息,则清除mGroupFlags中的FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT标识,即允许该ViewGroup截获消息。也就是说,常见的情况就是当用户释放手指,下一次按下时,该ViewGroup本身可以重新截获消息,而在按下还没有释放期间,ViewGroup本身是不允许截获消息的。
5、(代码70-82)判断target变量是否为空。空代表了所有子窗口都没有消耗该消息,所以该ViewGroup本事需要处理该消息。然后还原消息的原始位置,将视图坐标重新转换成布局坐标,接着调用super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev),即View类的中的dispatchTouchEvent()方法(该方法会判断是否进行调用touchEvent()方法来处理,到后面的View类的源码中再介绍)。

6、(代码84-121)处理target存在,并且变量disallowIntercept为false,即允许截获,在默认情况下ViewGroup都是允许截获消息的,只有当该ViewGroup的子视图调用父视图的requestDisallowdInterceptTouchEvent()方法时,方可禁止父视图再次截获消息,但每次ACTION_UP消息或者ACTION_CANCEL消息之后,该ViewGroup又会重新截获消息。ViewGroup本身不允许截获消息或者允许截获但是却没有消耗消息,于是调用target.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)方法把该消息继续交给目标视图处理,在调用该方法前需要检查target中是否申明过要取消随后的消息,即mPrivateFlags中包含 CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT,如果是,则把消息action值修改为ACTION_CANCEL,将mMotionTarget变为空,因为target不想处理接下来的消息了,那么就可以认为没有target了。

四、View中处理消息的详细过程

dispatchTouchEvent()方法的源码

 /**
     * Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
     * view if it is the target.
     *
     * @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
     * @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        if (!onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
            return false;
        }

        if (mOnTouchListener != null && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED &&
                mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
            return true;
        }
        return onTouchEvent(event);
    }

处理窗口处于模糊显示状态下的消息。然后回调视图监听着的onTouch()方法,如果监听者消耗了该消息,则直接返回。如果没有则调用View的onTouchEvent()方法。

onTouchEvent()方法源码

 /**
     * Implement this method to handle touch screen motion events.
     *
     * @param event The motion event.
     * @return True if the event was handled, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;

        if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
            // A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
            // events, it just doesn't respond to them.
            return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
                    (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE));
        }

        if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
            if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
                (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)) {
            switch (event.getAction()) {
                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                    boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PREPRESSED) != 0;
                    if ((mPrivateFlags & PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
                        // take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
                        // touch mode.
                        boolean focusTaken = false;
                        if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
                            focusTaken = requestFocus();
                        }

                        if (!mHasPerformedLongPress) {
                            // This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
                            removeLongPressCallback();

                            // Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
                            if (!focusTaken) {
                                // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
                                // performClick directly. This lets other visual state
                                // of the view update before click actions start.
                                if (mPerformClick == null) {
                                    mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
                                }
                                if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
                                    performClick();
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
                            mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
                        }

                        if (prepressed) {
                            mPrivateFlags |= PRESSED;
                            refreshDrawableState();
                            postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
                                    ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
                        } else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
                            // If the post failed, unpress right now
                            mUnsetPressedState.run();
                        }
                        removeTapCallback();
                    }
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                    if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) {
                        mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap();
                    }
                    mPrivateFlags |= PREPRESSED;
                    mHasPerformedLongPress = false;
                    postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap, ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout());
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                    mPrivateFlags &= ~PRESSED;
                    refreshDrawableState();
                    removeTapCallback();
                    break;

                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                    final int x = (int) event.getX();
                    final int y = (int) event.getY();

                    // Be lenient about moving outside of buttons
                    int slop = mTouchSlop;
                    if ((x < 0 - slop) || (x >= getWidth() + slop) ||
                            (y < 0 - slop) || (y >= getHeight() + slop)) {
                        // Outside button
                        removeTapCallback();
                        if ((mPrivateFlags & PRESSED) != 0) {
                            // Remove any future long press/tap checks
                            removeLongPressCallback();

                            // Need to switch from pressed to not pressed
                            mPrivateFlags &= ~PRESSED;
                            refreshDrawableState();
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

1、代码10-15)处理该视图是否为disable状态,如果是,什么都不处理,返回true,即消耗该消息。

2、(代码17-21)消息代理处理消息。所谓的消息代理是指,可以给某个View指定一个消息处理代理,当View收到消息时,首先将该消息派发给其代理进行处理。如果代理内部消耗了该消息,则View不需要在进行任何处理;如果代理没有处理,则view继续处理。在这里不用多管,不会影响事件处理的逻辑和结果。

3、(代码22-102)判断该视图是否可以点击,如果不可以点击,则直接返回false,即不处理该消息。否则,真正开始执行触摸消息的默认处理逻辑,该逻辑分别处理了ACTION_DOWN、ACTION_MOVE、ACTION_UP消息.

(26-70)处理ACTION_UP消息,判断该UP消息是否发生在前面所讲的哪一个监测时间段中,并据此进行不同的处理。

(71-78)在ACTION_DOWN消息中,给mPrivateFlags变量添加PRESSED标识,并将变量mHasPerformLongPress设置为false,然后启动tap监测,即发送一个异步延迟消息。

对于触摸消息而言,消息本身没有repeat的属性,一次触摸只有一个ACTION_DOWN消息,按下来就是连续的ACTION_MOVE消息,并最终以处理ACTION_CANCEL消息.

(80-85)ACTION_CANCLE消息处理,这里只需清除PRESSED标识,刷新视图状态,然后再关闭tap监测即可。

(86-105)对ACTION_MOVE消息进行处理。具体逻辑包括,判断是否移动到了视图区域以外,如果是,则删除tap或者longPress的监测,并清除mPrivateFlags中的PRESSED标识,然后调用refreshDrawableState()刷新视图状态,这将导致对背景状态进行重绘。

五、例子程序

通过代码可能完全理解事件的分发过程有点难,下面通过一个例子程序来巩固下事件分发的过程。

例子程序的UI如下:

这里写图片描述

布局如下:

<org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

     <org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@drawable/ll_selector"
        android:orientation="vertical" >
    </org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout>

    <org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:background="@drawable/ll_selector"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout
            android:layout_width="80dp"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
            android:clickable="true"
            android:background="@drawable/ll_selector2"
            android:orientation="vertical" >
        </org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout>
    </org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout>

    <org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll3"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:background="@drawable/ll_selector"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <org.sunday.main.MyButton
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="60dp"
            android:layout_margin="20dp"
            android:background="@drawable/btn_selector"
            android:text="button1" />
    </org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout>

    <org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll4"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:background="@drawable/ll_selector"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <org.sunday.main.MyButtonWithOutEvent
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="60dp"
            android:layout_margin="20dp"
            android:background="@drawable/btn_selector"
            android:text="button2" />
    </org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout>

</org.sunday.main.MyLinearLayout>

MyLinearLayout.Java

package org.sunday.main;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

public class MyLinearLayout extends LinearLayout {
    private final static String TAG = "MyLinearLayout";

    public MyLinearLayout(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public MyLinearLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        Log.e(TAG, "dispatchTouchEvent()----------------" + this.toString());
        boolean isTrue = super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
        Log.e(TAG, "dispatchTouchEvent()  isTrue = " + isTrue + " --------------- ;"+ this.toString());
        return isTrue;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent()----------------" + this.toString());
        boolean isTrue = super.onTouchEvent(event);
        Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent()  isTrue = " + isTrue+ "-----------------  ;"+ this.toString());
        return isTrue;
    }

}

MyButton.java

package org.sunday.main;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MyButton extends Button {
    private final static String TAG = "MyButton";

    public MyButton(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public MyButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.e(TAG, "dispatchTouchEvent()----------------");
        boolean isTrue = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
        Log.e(TAG, "dispatchTouchEvent  isTrue = " + isTrue);
        return isTrue;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent()----------------");
        boolean isTrue = super.onTouchEvent(event);
        Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent  isTrue = " + isTrue);
        return isTrue;
    }
}

MyButtonWithOutEvent.java

package org.sunday.main;

import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MyButtonWithOutEvent extends Button {
    private final static String TAG = "MyButtonWithOutEvent";

    public MyButtonWithOutEvent(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public MyButtonWithOutEvent(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.e(TAG, "dispatchTouchEvent()----------------"+ this.toString());
//      boolean isTrue = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
//      Log.e(TAG, "isTrue = " + isTrue);
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent()----------------");
        boolean isTrue = super.onTouchEvent(event);
        Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent  isTrue = " + isTrue);
        return isTrue;
    }
}

点击例子一,后台打印的日志如下:

这里写图片描述

解释:例子一的布局中只有两个ViewGroup子类对象,当点击例子一区域,根ViewGroup首先分发touch事件,因为它有child,所以接着会将事件传递到它的孩子ViewGroup。孩子ViewGroup发现自己没有child了,所以它就得自己处理这个touch事件。所以会调用OnTouchEvent()方法来处理这个事件。处理完之后会返回一个true,一直返回给根ViewGroup。

点击例子二的绿色区域,后台打印日志如下:

这里写图片描述
解释:例子二和例子一差不多,只不过多了一个ViewGroup而已。

点击例子三得黄色区域,后台打印日志如下:
这里写图片描述

解释:例子三相比于例子二只是将最上层的ViewGroup换成了View,原理一样。

点击例子四的黄色区域,打印日志如下:
这里写图片描述

解释:在这个程序中,对于MyLinearLayout和MyButton的dispachTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()发放的逻辑并没有进行任何的修改。而对于MyButtonWithOutEvent,在dispatchTouchEvent()方法中,直接返回的false(即不进行事件的任何处理),那么事件传递到这里时,它将会把事件返回给调用它的父ViewGroup进行处理,所以这里我们看到的是MyLinearLayout调用了onTouchEvent()。

点击例子三得button和点击例子四的button效果图如下:

这里写图片描述

例子三中是button响应了这个touch事件,而在例子四中则是LinearLayout响应了这个touch事件。

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