CAS——概述

一、 SSO

     是什么:

        SSO英文全称Single Sign On,单点登录。SSO是在多个应用系统或网站中中,用户只需要登录一次就可以访问所有相互信任的应用系统。SSo是跨程序,跨服务器,跨语言的,无论是用Java/.NET或者PHP,最后都是通过一个统一的地方去验证.

        SSo应用之间使用Web协议(如http和https),并且只有一个登陆入口.

    体系中有三个角色:

        User(多个)
        Web应用(多个)
        SSo认证中心(一个)——实质上是一个服务器网站

     工作原则:

        所有的登陆都在SSO认证中心进行
        SSO认证中心通过一些方法来告诉Web应用当前访问用户究竟是不是通过认证的用户。
        SSO认证中心和所有的Web应用建立一种信任关系。

CAS = Central Authentication Service,中央认证服务,是耶鲁大学发起的构建Web SSO的开源项目
cas也就是是单点登录SSO的解决方案.


二、CAS

        简单来说,CAS就是能达到很多不同服务器的或者相同服务器的网站,统一到某一个地方登陆,如果你使用同一个浏览器登陆的,那么在这个浏览器再打开其他的网站时,这个网站就不用重新登陆了。

     CAS的结构体系:

         Cas server需要独立部署,主要负责用户的认证工作。会处理用户名、密码等凭证(Credentials)。就是一个安装在服务器端的一个Web层序。目前有耶鲁大学的,也有其他机构开发的。它是复制认证的服务器
         Cas client部署在客户端,,当有对本地Web应用受保护的资源的访问请求,并且需要对请求方进行身份认证的时候来处理响应的请求,如果发现未授权或未登陆,那么就跳转到cas server去认证

    认证原理流程:

     
        


        CAS模式:

            CAS1.0称为基础模式,适用场合:参与SSO的应用都为Web应用,且各应用之间相互独立,没有复杂的集成关系。
            CAS2.0称为代理模式,适用场合:参与SSO的应用存在非Web应用(CAS使用Cookie,故非Web应用不宜于直接做CAS的客户应用)应用之间,存在集成关系。

        工作原理——cas协议内容

              CAS协议定义了一组术语,一组接口,一组票据。

              (1)术语:1.0(Client、Server、Service)、Proxy、Target。

              (2)接口:/login(登陆)、/logout(退出)、 /validate(验证)、/serviceValidate(票据验证)、/proxyValidate(代理验证)、 /proxy(代理)

             (3)票据(  Client、CAS Server、Service三者,是通过各种票据的传递与验证,来实现单点认证功能的。):

                    TGT(Ticket Grangting Ticket )。TGT是CAS为用户签发的登录票据,拥有了TGT,用户就可以证明自己在CAS成功登录过。TGT封装了Cookie值以及此Cookie值对应的用户信息。当HTTP请求到来时,CAS以此Cookie值为key查询缓存中有无TGT ,如果有的话,则相信用户已登录过。

                    ST(Service Ticket )。ST是CAS为用户签发的访问某一service的票据。用户访问service时,service发现用户没有ST,则要求用户去CAS获取ST。用户向CAS发出获取ST的请求,CAS发现用户有TGT,则签发一个ST,返回给用户。用户拿着ST去访问service,service拿ST去CAS验证,验证通过后,允许用户访问资源。包含跳转的地址。
                     PGT(Proxy TicketGranting Ticket)。Proxy Service认证成功后,CAS会生成PGT,并将值回传给Proxy Service 。Proxy Service拿到PGT后,就可以为Target Service做代理,为其申请PT。
                     PGTIOU(Proxy TicketGranting Ticket IOU)。PGTIOU是CAS协议中定义的一种附加票据,它增强了传输、获取PGT的安全性。
                     PT(Proxy Ticket)。PT是用户访问Target Serivce的票据。用户经由Proxy Service去CAS获取到PT后,再访问Target Serivce,Target Serivce去CAS验证PT成功后,才允许用户访问。

 

 三、server、 client和项目三者是如何协调工作的

举例场景介绍:

有一个用户想要在网页上先访问广告合同管理系统ADM,去投放广告;之后又去资产系统AMS,查看资产信息。


而CAS所发挥的作用就是当用户访问ADM时,用户需要先去CAS登录,之后访问AMS时,就不需再次登录了。

下面是Server、client和项目之间的交互:

                




cas 配置client 1.0 &2.0 及proxy DEMO 说明 1 cas server 搭建 1.1 资源准备 cas server 下载 http://www.ja-sig.org/downloads/cas/cas-server-3.3.1-release.zip 1.2 解压后打开cas-server-3.3.1-release\cas-server-3.3.1\modules ,将cas-server-webapp-3.3.1.war 重命名为cas.war,并将war包拷贝到tomcat5.5以上版本的webapps目录下(在此对server jdbc支持不做详细解读,测试使用CAS simaple提供的默认用户名 密码 cas/cas) 2 证书生成及导入 2.1 Server端证书配置 2.2 2.2.1 证书生成导入 2.2.1.1 keytool -delete -alias tomcatsso -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit 2.2.1.2 keytool -list -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit 2.2.1.3 keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias tomcatsso -dname "cn=www.test.com" -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit 2.2.1.4 keytool -export -alias tomcatsso -file tomcatsso.crt -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit 2.2.1.5 keytool -import -alias tomcatsso -file tomcatsso.crt -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit 2.2.1.6 keytool -list -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit 说明:在生成key的过程,"cn=www.test.com" 中的www.test.com为Server端的域名(必填)。 2.2.2 TOMCAT 配置SSL支持 2.2.2.1 将cacerts文件复制到TOMCAT的conf目录下修改server.xml <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="443" /> <Connector port="443" minSpareThreads="5" maxSpareThreads="75" enableLookups="true" disableUploadTimeout="true" acceptCount="100" maxThreads="200" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreFile="conf/cacerts" keystorePass="changeit" truststoreFile="conf/cacerts"/> 启动Tomcat,测试https://www.test.com:443 2.2.3 客户端证书导入 2.2.3.1 .\jre\lib\security>keytool -import -alias tomcatsso -file tomcatsso.crt -keystore cacerts -storepass changeit 3 cas client 1.0配置说明 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <description>cas1 demo</description> <!-- cas filter --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> edu.yale.its.tp.cas.client.filter.CASFilter </filter-class> <!-- server login url --> <init-param> <param-name> edu.yale.its.tp.cas.client.filter.loginUrl </param-name> <param-value> https://www.test.com:8443/cas/login </param-value> </init-param> <!-- server validate url --> <init-param> <param-name> edu.yale.its.tp.cas.client.filter.validateUrl </param-name> <param-value> https://www.test.com:8443/cas/proxyValidate </param-value> </init-param> <!-- local web url --> <init-param> <param-name> edu.yale.its.tp.cas.client.filter.serverName </param-name> <param-value>www.teste.com:8080</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- CAS Filter mapping --> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> 4 cas client 2.0配置说明 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <description>cas client test</description> <!--CAS Authentication FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Authentication Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.authentication.AuthenticationFilter </filter-class> <!-- cas server LOGIN URL --> <!-- https://www.test.com:8443/cas/login--> <init-param> <param-name>casServerLoginUrl</param-name> <param-value> https://www.test.com:8443/cas/login </param-value> </init-param> <!-- local web URL --> <init-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <param-value>http://www.testd.com:8080</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- CAS Validation FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.validation.Cas20ProxyReceivingTicketValidationFilter </filter-class> <!-- CAS SERVER URL --> <!-- https://www.test.com:8443/cas --> <init-param> <param-name>casServerUrlPrefix</param-name> <param-value>https://www.test.com:8443/cas</param-value> </init-param> <!-- LOCAL web URL --> <init-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <param-value>http://www.testd.com:8080</param-value> </init-param> <!-- if validation false throw exception ; default true--> <init-param> <param-name>exceptionOnValidationFailure</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- cas security username on request.getRemoteUser() --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS HttpServletRequest Wrapper Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.util.HttpServletRequestWrapperFilter </filter-class> </filter> <!-- CAS SINGLE SIGN OUT FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Single Sign Out Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.session.SingleSignOutFilter </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Single Sign Out Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Authentication Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS HttpServletRequest Wrapper Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/index.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- SingleSignOutHttpSessionListener LISTENER --> <listener> <listener-class> org.jasig.cas.client.session.SingleSignOutHttpSessionListener </listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> 5 cas client 2.0 proxy 配置说明 proxy web.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <description>cas client test</description> <!--CAS Authentication FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Authentication Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.authentication.AuthenticationFilter </filter-class> <!-- cas server LOGIN URL --> <!-- http://www.test.com:8880 --> <init-param> <param-name>casServerLoginUrl</param-name> <param-value> https://www.test.com:8443/cas/login </param-value> </init-param> <!-- local web URL --> <init-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <param-value>http://www.teste.com:8080</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- CAS Validation FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.validation.Cas20ProxyReceivingTicketValidationFilter </filter-class> <!-- CAS SERVER URL --> <!-- http://www.test.com:8880 --> <init-param> <param-name>casServerUrlPrefix</param-name> <param-value>https://www.test.com:8443/cas</param-value> </init-param> <!-- LOCAL web URL --> <init-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <param-value>http://www.teste.com:8080</param-value> </init-param> <!-- if validation false throw exception ; default true--> <init-param> <param-name>exceptionOnValidationFailure</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <!-- the URL to watch for PGTIOU/PGT responses from the CAS server --> <init-param> <param-name>allowedProxyChains</param-name> <param-value>http://www.testd.com:8080/testd</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- cas security username on request.getRemoteUser() --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS HttpServletRequest Wrapper Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.util.HttpServletRequestWrapperFilter </filter-class> </filter> <!-- CAS SINGLE SIGN OUT FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Single Sign Out Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.session.SingleSignOutFilter </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Single Sign Out Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Authentication Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS HttpServletRequest Wrapper Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/index.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- SingleSignOutHttpSessionListener LISTENER --> <listener> <listener-class> org.jasig.cas.client.session.SingleSignOutHttpSessionListener </listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> non proxy web.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <description>cas client test</description> <!--CAS Authentication FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Authentication Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.authentication.AuthenticationFilter </filter-class> <!-- cas server LOGIN URL --> <!-- https://www.test.com:8443/cas/login--> <init-param> <param-name>casServerLoginUrl</param-name> <param-value> https://www.test.com:8443/cas/login </param-value> </init-param> <!-- local web URL --> <init-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <param-value>http://www.testd.com:8080</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- CAS Validation FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.validation.Cas20ProxyReceivingTicketValidationFilter </filter-class> <!-- CAS SERVER URL --> <!-- https://www.test.com:8443/cas --> <init-param> <param-name>casServerUrlPrefix</param-name> <param-value>https://www.test.com:8443/cas</param-value> </init-param> <!-- LOCAL web URL --> <init-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <param-value>http://www.testd.com:8080</param-value> </init-param> <!-- if validation false throw exception ; default true--> <init-param> <param-name>exceptionOnValidationFailure</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <!-- validation callback validate url --> <init-param> <param-name>proxyCallbackUrl</param-name> <param-value>http://www.teste.com:8080/teste</param-value> </init-param> <!-- proxyreceptor url --> <init-param> <param-name>proxyReceptorUrl</param-name> <param-value>/proxy/test.jsp</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- cas security username on request.getRemoteUser() --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS HttpServletRequest Wrapper Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.util.HttpServletRequestWrapperFilter </filter-class> </filter> <!-- CAS SINGLE SIGN OUT FILTER --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Single Sign Out Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.session.SingleSignOutFilter </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Single Sign Out Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Authentication Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS HttpServletRequest Wrapper Filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/index.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- SingleSignOutHttpSessionListener LISTENER --> <listener> <listener-class> org.jasig.cas.client.session.SingleSignOutHttpSessionListener </listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> 6 demo 部署及说明 拷贝demo目录下的文件到 相应的发布目录(tomcat/webapps)下,使用解压工具解压,打开对应demo的web.xml,将www.test.com 及 www.testd.com 、www.teste.com 修改为相应的路径 启动TOMCAT ,祝贺你CAS 部署成功了! 7 Cas 非HTTPS支持(不赞成使用) cas client 部分修改 打开edu.yale.its.tp.cas.client.filter类,注释此 if (!pv.isAuthenticationSuccesful()) // throw new ServletException( // "CAS authentication error: " + pv.getErrorCode() + ": " + pv.getErrorMessage()); Cas server 部分修改 打开 cas-server-webapp-3.3.1\WebRoot\WEB-INF\spring-configuration\ticketGrantingTicketCookieGenerator.xml 文件 将 p:cookieSecure="true" 值改为 p:cookieSecure="false" 备注:此文仅供参考,作者仅希望通过此文引导新手,相互交流,若有疑问或意见请与作者联系! 利剑 2008-12-16 QQ:349566018 E-mail:mygw@163.com
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