Linux进程控制

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

/********************************************************************************
*
*                             MAIN
*
*   getpid(),getppid(),fork(),vfork(),execl(),execlp(),execv(),system(),wait()
*
*
********************************************************************************/
int main()
{
    pid_t a;
    int count=0;
    
    a=vfork();    //code and data is shared,and the child process run first
//    a=fork();    //noly code is shared,the data is copied for child process
    count++;

    /* creating failed */
    if(a<0)
    {
        printf("Creating a child process is failure!\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    /* father process */
    if(a>0)
    {
        wait(NULL);    //wait for the child to finish processing
        printf("I'm the FATHER process and my ID is %d\n",getpid());
        printf("my child's ID is %d\n",a);

        /*if child has been created by vfork(),the count will's be 2,
        because of the shared data(count included).obviously,it will
        be 1 when child have been created by fork().*/
        printf("count=%d\n",count);
    }
    /* child process */
    else if(a==0)
    {
        char *argv[]={"ls","-l",".",NULL};

        printf("I'm the CHILD process and my ID is %d\n",getpid());
        printf("my father's ID is %d\n",getppid());
        printf("count=%d\n",count);
        
        /* test for exec*(...),to achieve the job of ls -l . */
//        execl("/bin/ls","ls","-l",".",NULL);    //the program ls will be found according to the directory and the parament will be transmited to ls.
//        execlp("ls","ls","-l",".",NULL);    //the program ls will be found according to the PATH  and the parament will be transmited to ls.
//        execv("/bin/ls",argv);    //the program ls will be found according to the directory and the parament will be transmited to ls.
        
        /* the most differece between excec*() and system() : the excec*() will replace the proccess who
        called them and no return,while the system() will return to the proccess who called them when finished*/

        system("ls -l .");    //system() will call for fork() to create a child process to do the job of "ls -l"

        printf("I'm sleeping\n");
        sleep(5);
    }

    
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}