在写程序时有些异步程序只执行一遍就不需要了,为了方便经常会写下面的代码
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- }
- }).start();
1.由于是匿名的,无法对它进行管理
2.如果需要多次执行这个操作就new多次,可能创建多个,占用系统资源
3.无法执行更多的操作
使用线程池的好处
1.可以重复利用存在的线程,减少系统的开销
2.利用线程池可以执行定时、并发数的控制
Java的线程池对Android也是适用的
线程池的作用:
线程池作用就是限制系统中执行线程的数量。
根据系统的环境情况,可以自动或手动设置线程数量,达到运行的最佳效果;少了浪费了系统资源,多了造成系统拥挤效率不高。用线程池控制线程数量,其他线程排队等候。一个任务执行完毕,再从队列的中取最前面的任务开始执行。若队列中没有等待进程,线程池的这一资源处于等待。当一个新任务需要运行时,如果线程池中有等待的工作线程,就可以开始运行了;否则进入等待队列。
为什么要用线程池:
1.减少了创建和销毁线程的次数,每个工作线程都可以被重复利用,可执行多个任务。
2.可以根据系统的承受能力,调整线程池中工作线线程的数目,防止因为消耗过多的内存,而把服务器累趴下(每个线程需要大约1MB内存,线程开的越多,消耗的内存也就越大,最后死机)。
Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
1.newCachedThreadPool
- /**
- * 可以缓存线程池
- */
- public static void Function1() {
- ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- try {
- Thread.sleep(100); // 休眠时间越短创建的线程数越多
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- System.out.println("active count = " + Thread.activeCount()
- + " index = " + index);
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
active count = 2 index = 0
active count = 3 index = 1
active count = 4 index = 2
active count = 5 index = 3
active count = 6 index = 4
active count = 7 index = 5
active count = 8 index = 6
active count = 9 index = 7
active count = 10 index = 8
active count = 11 index = 9
active count = 11 index = 10
active count = 11 index = 11
active count = 11 index = 12
active count = 11 index = 13
active count = 11 index = 14
active count = 11 index = 15
active count = 11 index = 16
active count = 11 index = 17
active count = 11 index = 18
active count = 11 index = 19
active count = 11 index = 20
active count = 11 index = 21
active count = 11 index = 22
active count = 11 index = 23
active count = 11 index = 24
active count = 11 index = 25
active count = 11 index = 26
active count = 11 index = 27
active count = 11 index = 28
active count = 11 index = 29
active count = 11 index = 30
active count = 11 index = 31
active count = 11 index = 32
active count = 11 index = 33
active count = 11 index = 34
active count = 11 index = 35
active count = 11 index = 36
active count = 11 index = 37
active count = 11 index = 38
active count = 11 index = 39
active count = 11 index = 40
active count = 11 index = 41
active count = 11 index = 42
active count = 11 index = 43
active count = 11 index = 44
active count = 11 index = 45
active count = 11 index = 46
active count = 11 index = 47
active count = 11 index = 48
active count = 10 index = 49
从打印消息来看开始线程数在增加,后来稳定,可以修改休眠时间,休眠时间越短创建的线程数就越多,因为前面的还没执行完,线程池中没有可以执行的就需要创建;如果把休眠时间加大,创建的线程数就会少
2.newFixedThreadPool 根据传入的参数创建线程数目
- /**
- * 定长线程池
- */
- public static void Function2() {
- ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
- for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println("index = " + index
- + " thread count = " + Thread.activeCount());
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- /**
- * 定长线程池,可做延时
- */
- public static void Function3() {
- ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors
- .newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- executorService.schedule(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 3 seconds" + " thread count = "
- + Thread.activeCount());
- }
- }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- /**
- * 定期执行,可以用来做定时器
- */
- public static void Function4() {
- ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors
- .newScheduledThreadPool(3);
- executorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out
- .println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds"
- + " thread count = " + Thread.activeCount());
- }
- }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 2
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 3
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 4
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 4
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 4
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 4
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 4
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 4
- delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds thread count = 4
- /**
- * 单例线程
- */
- public static void Function5() {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors
- .newSingleThreadExecutor();
- for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println("index = " + index
- + " thread count = " + Thread.activeCount());
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- index = 0 thread count = 2
- index = 1 thread count = 2
- index = 2 thread count = 2
- index = 3 thread count = 2
- index = 4 thread count = 2