OutputStreamWriter 作用和原理都比较简单。就是将“字节输出流”转换成“字符输出流”。它的原理是,我们创建“字符输出流”对象时,会指定“字节输出流”以及“字符编码”。来看一下源代码,如下:
- // 将“字节输出流”转换成“字符输出流”
- public class OutputStreamWriter extends Writer {
- private final StreamEncoder se; // 字符到字节要进行解码
- // 根据out创建OutputStreamWriter,使用编码charsetName
- public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charsetName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
- super(out);
- if (charsetName == null)
- throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
- se = StreamEncoder.forOutputStreamWriter(out, this, charsetName);
- }
- // 根据out创建OutputStreamWriter,使用默认的编码
- public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out) {
- super(out);
- try {
- se = StreamEncoder.forOutputStreamWriter(out, this, (String)null);
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
- throw new Error(e);
- }
- }
- // 根据out创建OutputStreamWriter,使用编码cs
- public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, Charset cs) {
- super(out);
- if (cs == null)
- throw new NullPointerException("charset");
- se = StreamEncoder.forOutputStreamWriter(out, this, cs);
- }
- // 根据out创建OutputStreamWriter,使用编码器enc
- public OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, CharsetEncoder enc) {
- super(out);
- if (enc == null)
- throw new NullPointerException("charset encoder");
- se = StreamEncoder.forOutputStreamWriter(out, this, enc);
- }
- // 获取编码器enc
- public String getEncoding() {
- return se.getEncoding();
- }
- // 刷新缓冲区
- void flushBuffer() throws IOException {
- se.flushBuffer();
- }
- // 将单个字符写入到OutputStreamWriter中
- public void write(int c) throws IOException {
- se.write(c);
- }
- // 将字符数组cbuf从off开始的数据写入到OutputStreamWriter中,写入长度是len
- public void write(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
- se.write(cbuf, off, len);
- }
- // 将字符串str从off开始的数据写入到OutputStreamWriter中,写入长度是len
- public void write(String str, int off, int len) throws IOException {
- se.write(str, off, len);
- }
- // 刷新“输出流”
- // 它与flushBuffer()的区别是:flushBuffer()只会刷新缓冲,而flush()是刷新流,flush()包括了flushBuffer
- public void flush() throws IOException {
- se.flush();
- }
- // 关闭“输出流”
- public void close() throws IOException {
- se.close();
- }
- }
编写测试用例,如下:
- private static final String CharsetName = "utf-8"; // 使用支持中文编码的格式
- private static void testWrite() {
- File file = new File("C:\\test.txt");
- try(OutputStreamWriter out1 = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), CharsetName);) {
- out1.write("积小流以成江海"); // 写入10个汉字
- out1.write("abcdefg\n"); // 输出内容还有一个换行符"\n"
- } catch(IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
输出结果如下:
积小流以成江海abcdefg(由于输入内容还有一个换行符,所以光标会定位到下一行)
InputStreamReader的作用与OutputStreamWriter的作用类似,只是将字节输入流转换为字符输入流。源代码如下:
- // 将“字节输入流”转换成“字符输入流”
- public class InputStreamReader extends Reader {
- private final StreamDecoder sd; // 字节到字符要进行编码
- // 根据in创建InputStreamReader,使用默认的编码
- public InputStreamReader(InputStream in) {
- super(in);
- try {
- sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, (String)null); // ## check lock object
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
- throw new Error(e);
- }
- }
- // 根据in创建InputStreamReader,使用编码charsetName(编码名)
- public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName)
- throws UnsupportedEncodingException
- {
- super(in);
- if (charsetName == null)
- throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
- sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, charsetName);
- }
- // 根据in创建InputStreamReader,使用编码cs
- public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, Charset cs) {
- super(in);
- if (cs == null)
- throw new NullPointerException("charset");
- sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, cs);
- }
- // 根据in创建InputStreamReader,使用解码器dec
- public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, CharsetDecoder dec) {
- super(in);
- if (dec == null)
- throw new NullPointerException("charset decoder");
- sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, dec);
- }
- // 获取解码器
- public String getEncoding() {
- return sd.getEncoding();
- }
- // 读取并返回一个字符
- public int read() throws IOException {
- return sd.read();
- }
- // 将InputStreamReader中的数据写入cbuf中,从cbuf的offset位置开始写入,写入长度是length
- public int read(char cbuf[], int offset, int length) throws IOException {
- return sd.read(cbuf, offset, length);
- }
- // 能否从InputStreamReader中读取数据
- public boolean ready() throws IOException {
- return sd.ready();
- }
- // 关闭InputStreamReader
- public void close() throws IOException {
- sd.close();
- }
- }
- private static void testRead() {
- File file = new File("C:\\test.txt");
- try ( InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), CharsetName);){
- System.out.println("value1="+(char)isr.read());// 读取一个字节
- isr.skip(6); // 跳过4个字节进行读取
- System.out.println("value2="+(char)isr.read());
- char[] buf = new char[10];
- isr.read(buf, 0, buf.length); // 读取10个字符到buf数组中
- System.out.println("buf="+(new String(buf)));
- } catch(IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
最后的输出结果如下:
value1=a
value2=h
buf=igkl
value2=h
buf=igkl