linux 内核网络部分分析;
1. linux内核ipv4网络部分分层结构:
BSD socket层: 这一部分处理BSD socket相关操作,每个socket在内核中以struct socket结构体现。这一部分的文件主要有:/net/socket.c /net/protocols.c etc
INET socket层:BSD socket是个可以用于各种网络协议的接口,而当用于tcp/ip,即建立了AF_INET形式的socket时,还需要保留些额外的参数,于是就有了struct sock结构。文件主要
有:/net/ipv4/protocol.c /net/ipv4/af_inet.c /net/core/sock.c etc
TCP/UDP层:处理传输层的操作,传输层用struct inet_protocol和struct proto两个结构表示。文件主要有:
/net/ipv4/udp.c /net/ipv4/datagram.c /net/ipv4/tcp.c /net/ipv4/tcp_input.c /net/ipv4//tcp_output.c /net/ipv4/tcp_minisocks.c /net/ipv4/tcp_output.c /net/ipv4/tcp_timer.c
etc
IP层:处理网络层的操作,网络层用struct packet_type结构表示。文件主要有:/net/ipv4/ip_forward.c ip_fragment.c ip_input.c ip_output.c etc.
数据链路层和驱动程序:每个网络设备以struct net_device表示,通用的处理在dev.c中,驱动程序都在/driver/net目录下。
2.Linux中TCP/IP网络层次结构与实现

note:
2.1网络子系统提供了两种系统调用给用户;
1):通过系统特有的网络调用接口进入内核,进而调用sys_socketcall;比如(socket 、connect 等系统调用)
2):同过普通文件操作来访问网络子系统,因为套接字可以被当作一个普通的文件读写。
2.2 套接口层是一个和协议无关的的接口,其支持tcp udp 协议以及RAW 套接口,RAW以太网,以及其他传输协议,比如sctp;
socket结构描述套接口,代表通信链路的另一端,存储了链路的信息,(有使用协议,源 目的地址 端口号等)
/**
* struct socket - general BSD socket
* @state: socket state (%SS_CONNECTED, etc)
* @type: socket type (%SOCK_STREAM, etc)
* @flags: socket flags (%SOCK_NOSPACE, etc)
* @ops: protocol specific socket operations
* @file: File back pointer for gc
* @sk: internal networking protocol agnostic socket representation
* @wq: wait queue for several uses
*/
struct socket {
socket_state state;
kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(type);
short type;
kmemcheck_bitfield_end(type);
unsigned long flags;
struct socket_wq __rcu *wq;
struct file *file; //socket 也是一个文件
struct sock *sk; //比较关键结构
const struct proto_ops *ops; //比较关键的结构
};对于这两个结构其具体内容如下:
/**
* struct sock - network layer representation of sockets
* @__sk_common: shared layout with inet_timewait_sock
* @sk_shutdown: mask of %SEND_SHUTDOWN and/or %RCV_SHUTDOWN
* @sk_userlocks: %SO_SNDBUF and %SO_RCVBUF settings
* @sk_lock: synchronizer
* @sk_rcvbuf: size of receive buffer in bytes
* @sk_wq: sock wait queue and async head
* @sk_rx_dst: receive input route used by early demux
* @sk_dst_cache: destination cache
* @sk_policy: flow policy
* @sk_receive_queue: incoming packets
* @sk_wmem_alloc: transmit queue bytes committed
* @sk_write_queue: Packet sending queue
* @sk_omem_alloc: "o" is "option" or "other"
* @sk_wmem_queued: persistent queue size
* @sk_forward_alloc: space allocated forward
* @sk_napi_id: id of the last napi context to receive data for sk
* @sk_ll_usec: usecs to busypoll when there is no data
* @sk_allocation: allocation mode
* @sk_pacing_rate: Pacing rate (if supported by transport/packet scheduler)
* @sk_max_pacing_rate: Maximum pacing rate (%SO_MAX_PACING_RATE)
* @sk_sndbuf: size of send buffer in bytes
* @sk_no_check_tx: %SO_NO_CHECK setting, set checksum in TX packets
* @sk_no_check_rx: allow zero checksum in RX packets
* @sk_route_caps: route capabilities (e.g. %NETIF_F_TSO)
* @sk_route_nocaps: forbidden route capabilities (e.g NETIF_F_GSO_MASK)
* @sk_gso_type: GSO type (e.g. %SKB_GSO_TCPV4)
* @sk_gso_max_size: Maximum GSO segment size to build
* @sk_gso_max_segs: Maximum number of GSO segments
* @sk_lingertime: %SO_LINGER l_linger setting
* @sk_backlog: always used with the per-socket spinlock held
* @sk_callback_lock: used with the callbacks in the end of this struct
* @sk_error_queue: rarely used
* @sk_prot_creator: sk_prot of original sock creator (see ipv6_setsockopt,
* IPV6_ADDRFORM for instance)
* @sk_err: last error
* @sk_err_soft: errors that don't cause failure but are the cause of a
* persistent failure not just 'timed out'
* @sk_drops: raw/udp drops counter
* @sk_ack_backlog: current listen backlog
* @sk_max_ack_backlog: listen backlog set in listen()
* @sk_priority: %SO_PRIORITY setting
* @sk_type: socket type (%SOCK_STREAM, etc)
* @sk_protocol: which protocol this socket belongs in this network family
* @sk_peer_pid: &struct pid for this socket's peer
* @sk_peer_cred: %SO_PEERCRED setting
* @sk_rcvlowat: %SO_RCVLOWAT setting
* @sk_rcvtimeo: %SO_RCVTIMEO setting
* @sk_sndtimeo: %SO_SNDTIMEO setting
* @sk_txhash: computed flow hash for use on transmit
* @sk_filter: socket filtering instructions
* @sk_timer: sock cleanup timer
* @sk_stamp: time stamp of last packet received
* @sk_tsflags: SO_TIMESTAMPING socket options
* @sk_tskey: counter to disambiguate concurrent tstamp requests
* @sk_socket: Identd and reporting IO signals
* @sk_user_data: RPC layer private data
* @sk_frag: cached page frag
* @sk_peek_off: current peek_offset value
* @sk_send_head: front of stuff to transmit
* @sk_security: used by security modules
* @sk_mark: generic packet mark
* @sk_cgrp_data: cgroup data for this cgroup
* @sk_memcg: this socket's memory cgroup association
* @sk_write_pending: a write to stream socket waits to start
* @sk_state_change: callback to indicate change in the state of the sock
* @sk_data_ready: callback to indicate there is data to be processed
* @sk_write_space: callback to indicate there is bf sending space available
* @sk_error_report: callback to indicate errors (e.g. %MSG_ERRQUEUE)
* @sk_backlog_rcv: callback to process the backlog
* @sk_destruct: called at sock freeing time, i.e. when all refcnt == 0
* @sk_reuseport_cb: reuseport group container
*/
struct sock {
/*
* Now struct inet_timewait_sock also uses sock_common, so please just
* don't add nothing before this first member (__sk_common) --acme
*/
struct sock_common __sk_common;
#define sk_node __sk_common.skc_node
#define sk_nulls_node __sk_common.skc_nulls_node
#define sk_refcnt __sk_common.skc_refcnt
#define sk_tx_queue_mapping __sk_common.skc_tx_queue_mapping
#define sk_dontcopy_begin __sk_common.skc_dontcopy_begin
#define sk_dontcopy_end __sk_common.skc_dontcopy_end
#define sk_hash __sk_common.skc_hash
#define sk_portpair __sk_common.skc_portpair
#define sk_num __sk_common.skc_num
#define sk_dport __sk_common.skc_dport
#define sk_addrpair __sk_common.skc_addrpair
#define sk_daddr __sk_common.skc_daddr
#define sk_rcv_saddr __sk_common.skc_rcv_saddr
#define sk_family __sk_common.skc_family
#define sk_state __sk_common.skc_state
#define sk_reuse __sk_common.skc_reuse
#define sk_reuseport __sk_common.skc_reuseport
#define sk_ipv6only __sk_common.skc_ipv6only
#define sk_net_refcnt __sk_common.skc_net_refcnt
#define sk_bound_dev_if __sk_common.skc_bound_dev_if
#define sk_bind_node __sk_common.skc_bind_node
#define sk_prot __sk_common.skc_prot
#define sk_net __sk_common.skc_net
#define sk_v6_daddr __sk_common.skc_v6_daddr
#define sk_v6_rcv_saddr __sk_common.skc_v6_rcv_saddr
#define sk_cookie __sk_common.skc_cookie
#define sk_incoming_cpu __sk_common.skc_incoming_cpu
#define sk_flags __sk_common.skc_flags
#define sk_rxhash __sk_common.skc_rxhash
socket_lock_t sk_lock;
struct sk_buff_head sk_receive_queue;
/*
* The backlog queue is special, it is always used with
* the per-socket spinlock held and requires low latency
* access. Therefore we special case it's implementation.
* Note : rmem_alloc is in this structure to fill a hole
* on 64bit arches, not because its logically part of
* backlog.
*/
struct {
atomic_t rmem_alloc;
int len;
struct sk_buff *head;
struct sk_buff *tail;
} sk_backlog;
#define sk_rmem_alloc sk_backlog.rmem_alloc
int sk_forward_alloc;
__u32 sk_txhash;
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL
unsigned int sk_napi_id;
unsigned int sk_ll_usec;
#endif
atomic_t sk_drops;
int sk_rcvbuf;
struct sk_filter __rcu *sk_filter;
union {
struct socket_wq __rcu *sk_wq;
struct socket_wq *sk_wq_raw;
};
#ifdef CONFIG_XFRM
struct xfrm_policy __rcu *sk_policy[2];
#endif
struct dst_entry *sk_rx_dst;
struct dst_entry __rcu *sk_dst_cache;
/* Note: 32bit hole on 64bit arches */
atomic_t sk_wmem_alloc;
atomic_t sk_omem_alloc;
int sk_sndbuf;
struct sk_buff_head sk_write_queue;
/*
* Because of non atomicity rules, all
* changes are protected by socket lock.
*/
kmemcheck_bitfield_begin(flags);
unsigned int sk_padding : 2,
sk_no_check_tx : 1,
sk_no_check_rx : 1,
sk_userlocks : 4,
sk_protocol : 8,
sk_type : 16;
#define SK_PROTOCOL_MAX U8_MAX
kmemcheck_bitfield_end(flags);
int sk_wmem_queued;
gfp_t sk_allocation;
u32 sk_pacing_rate; /* bytes per second */
u32 sk_max_pacing_rate;
netdev_features_t sk_route_caps;
netdev_features_t sk_route_nocaps;
int sk_gso_type;
unsigned int sk_gso_max_size;
u16 sk_gso_max_segs;
int sk_rcvlowat;
unsigned long sk_lingertime;
struct sk_buff_head sk_error_queue;
struct proto *sk_prot_creator;
rwlock_t sk_callback_lock;
int sk_err,
sk_err_soft;
u32 sk_ack_backlog;
u32 sk_max_ack_backlog;
__u32 sk_priority;
__u32 sk_mark;
struct pid *sk_peer_pid;
const struct cred *sk_peer_cred;
long sk_rcvtimeo;
long sk_sndtimeo;
struct timer_list sk_timer;
ktime_t sk_stamp;
u16 sk_tsflags;
u8 sk_shutdown;
u32 sk_tskey;
struct socket *sk_socket;
void *sk_user_data;
struct page_frag sk_frag;
struct sk_buff *sk_send_head;
__s32 sk_peek_off;
int sk_write_pending;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
void *sk_security;
#endif
struct sock_cgroup_data sk_cgrp_data;
struct mem_cgroup *sk_memcg;
void (*sk_state_change)(struct sock *sk);
void (*sk_data_ready)(struct sock *sk);
void (*sk_write_space)(struct sock *sk);
void (*sk_error_report)(struct sock *sk);
int (*sk_backlog_rcv)(struct sock *sk,
struct sk_buff *skb);
void (*sk_destruct)(struct sock *sk);
struct sock_reuseport __rcu *sk_reuseport_cb;
struct rcu_head sk_rcu;
};
系统调用对用的函数struct proto_ops {
int family;
struct module *owner;
int (*release) (struct socket *sock);
int (*bind) (struct socket *sock,
struct sockaddr *myaddr,
int sockaddr_len);
int (*connect) (struct socket *sock,
struct sockaddr *vaddr,
int sockaddr_len, int flags);
int (*socketpair)(struct socket *sock1,
struct socket *sock2);
int (*accept) (struct socket *sock,
struct socket *newsock, int flags);
int (*getname) (struct socket *sock,
struct sockaddr *addr,
int *sockaddr_len, int peer);
unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *file, struct socket *sock,
struct poll_table_struct *wait);
int (*ioctl) (struct socket *sock, unsigned int cmd,
unsigned long arg);
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
int (*compat_ioctl) (struct socket *sock, unsigned int cmd,
unsigned long arg);
#endif
int (*listen) (struct socket *sock, int len);
int (*shutdown) (struct socket *sock, int flags);
int (*setsockopt)(struct socket *sock, int level,
int optname, char __user *optval, unsigned int optlen);
int (*getsockopt)(struct socket *sock, int level,
int optname, char __user *optval, int __user *optlen);
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
int (*compat_setsockopt)(struct socket *sock, int level,
int optname, char __user *optval, unsigned int optlen);
int (*compat_getsockopt)(struct socket *sock, int level,
int optname, char __user *optval, int __user *optlen);
#endif
int (*sendmsg) (struct socket *sock, struct msghdr *m,
size_t total_len);
/* Notes for implementing recvmsg:
* ===============================
* msg->msg_namelen should get updated by the recvmsg handlers
* iff msg_name != NULL. It is by default 0 to prevent
* returning uninitialized memory to user space. The recvfrom
* handlers can assume that msg.msg_name is either NULL or has
* a minimum size of sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage).
*/
int (*recvmsg) (struct socket *sock, struct msghdr *m,
size_t total_len, int flags);
int (*mmap) (struct file *file, struct socket *sock,
struct vm_area_struct * vma);
ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct socket *sock, struct page *page,
int offset, size_t size, int flags);
ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct socket *sock, loff_t *ppos,
struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags);
int (*set_peek_off)(struct sock *sk, int val);
};

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