REST(REpresentational State Transfer)是Roy Fielding博士于2000年在他的博士论文中提出来的一种软件 架构风格。它是一种针对网络应用的设计和开发方式,可以降低开发的复杂性,提高系统的可伸缩性。近年来,越来越多的Web Service开始采用REST风格设计和实现。例如, 亚马逊提供接近REST风格的Web Service进行图书查找; 雅虎提供的Web Service也是REST风格的。
如果要对REST有更深入的了解和更深刻的认识,推荐大家阅读InfoQ上面的一篇文章《理解本真的REST架构风格》。相信很多自以为懂REST的人看完这篇文章之后才知道什么是真正的REST。在IBM的开发者社区中有一篇非常好的文章,名为《使用Spring 3来创建RESTful Web Services》,讲解如何用spring Web和Spring MVC来创建REST风格的Web Service。由于这篇文章已经讲得很好了,这里我就不再赘述其中的内容。
这里要讲的是基于Apache CXF来创建RESTful Web Service。可以在Apache的网站下载到CXF的发行版本。Apache的官网是这样介绍CXF的:
Apache CXF is an open source services framework. CXF helps you build and develop services using frontend programming APIs, like JAX-WS and JAX-RS. These services can speak a variety of protocols such as SOAP, XML/HTTP, RESTful HTTP, or CORBA and work over a variety of transports such as HTTP, JMS or JBI.
下载完成后解压并找到lib目录,将其中的jar文件添加你的Java项目中,接下来就可以开始编写你的Web Service程序了。话不多说,直接上代码。
package com.lovo.domain;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
@XmlRootElement(name = "Student")
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String birthday;
public Student() {
}
public Student(Integer id, String name, String birthday) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
}
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package com.lovo.infrastructure;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.lovo.domain.Student;
public class StudentRepository {
private Map<Integer, Student> map = new HashMap<>();
public StudentRepository() {
map.put(1001, new Student(1001, "骆昊", "1980-11-28"));
map.put(1002, new Student(1002, "王大锤", "1992-2-2"));
map.put(1003, new Student(1003, "张三丰", "1930-3-3"));
}
public void save(Student student) {
if (student != null) {
map.put(student.getId(), student);
}
}
public void delete(Student student) {
if (student != null && map.containsKey(student.getId())) {
map.remove(student.getId());
}
}
public void update(Student student) {
delete(student);
save(student);
}
public Student findById(Integer id) {
return map.get(id);
}
public List<Student> findAll() {
return new ArrayList<Student>(map.values());
}
}
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package com.lovo.service;
import java.util.List;
import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
import javax.ws.rs.DELETE;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.PUT;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import com.lovo.domain.Student;
import com.lovo.infrastructure.StudentRepository;
@Path("/service")
@Produces("application/json")
public class StudentService {
private StudentRepository studentRepo = new StudentRepository();
@GET
@Path("/stu/{id}")
@Consumes("application/json")
public Student getStudent(@PathParam("id") Integer id) {
return studentRepo.findById(id);
}
@GET
@Path("/stu")
@Consumes("application/json")
public List<Student> getAllStudents() {
return studentRepo.findAll();
}
@POST
@Path("/stu")
@Consumes("application/json")
public boolean addStudent(Student student) {
if (getStudent(student.getId()) == null) {
studentRepo.save(student);
return true;
}
return false;
}
@PUT
@Path("/stu/{id}")
@Consumes("application/json")
public boolean updateStudent(@PathParam("id") Integer id, Student student) {
if (getStudent(id) != null) {
studentRepo.update(student);
return true;
}
return false;
}
@DELETE
@Path("/stu/{id}")
@Consumes("application/json")
public boolean deleteStudent(@PathParam("id") Integer id) {
Student student = getStudent(id);
if (student != null) {
studentRepo.delete(student);
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
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最后来启动Web Service的服务器并进行测试。
package com.lovo;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.JAXRSServerFactoryBean;
import com.lovo.domain.Student;
import com.lovo.service.StudentService;
public class MyRestServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JAXRSServerFactoryBean myRESTfulServer = new JAXRSServerFactoryBean();
myRESTfulServer.setResourceClasses(Student.class);
myRESTfulServer.setServiceBean(new StudentService());
myRESTfulServer.setAddress("http://localhost:9999/");
myRESTfulServer.create();
}
}