Java并发编程-01-线程的创建和线程信息获取

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-29 21:55:32 发布

韦轩

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-29 21:55:32 发布

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分类专栏： Java 并发编程 Java并发编程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weiyongxuan/article/details/46446021

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本文介绍了Java中创建线程的两种主要方式：继承Thread类和实现Runnable接口，并阐述了Runnable接口的优势。同时，讲解了线程信息的获取，包括线程ID、名称、优先级和状态，以及线程状态的六个阶段。还提供了线程优先级的测试代码，指出高优先级线程并不总是先结束，线程的Priority属性用于决定CPU使用权限。

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一、创建线程的方式

1、继承Thread类，覆盖run方法

2、实现Runnable接口，创建Thread类的实例，通过构造方法实现

3、Runnable接口只有一个抽象的run方法，也就是说Runnable接口本身不支持多线程
public interface Runnable {
 /**
 * When an object implementing interface <code>Runnable</code> is used
 * to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object's
 * <code>run</code> method to be called in that separately executing
 * thread.
 * 
 * The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
 * take any action whatsoever.
 *
 * @see java.lang.Thread#run()
 */
 public abstract void run();
}
4、Runnable接口多线程的实现

查看Thread类的源代码，可以看到很多构造函数的参数是Runnable类或者Runnable的子类，即通过Thread类的构造方法类启动Runnable接口实现多线程
 /**
 * Allocates a new {@code Thread} object. This constructor has the same
 * effect as {@linkplain #Thread(ThreadGroup,Runnable,String) Thread}
 * {@code (null, target, gname)}, where {@code gname} is a newly generated
 * name. Automatically generated names are of the form
 * {@code "Thread-"+}n, where n is an integer.
 *
 * @param target
 * the object whose {@code run} method is invoked when this thread
 * is started. If {@code null}, this classes {@code run} method does
 * nothing.
 */
 public Thread(Runnable target) {
 init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
 }
5、Runnable接口的优势

避免单继承的局限，一个类可以继承多个接口。
适合于资源的共享

6、Thread类是Runnable接口的一个实现子类

二、线程信息的获取

id:保存了线程的唯一标识符 Name：线程名称

Priority：保存了线程的优先级，线程的优先级是从一到10,1是最低优先级，10是最高优先级。

status：线程的状态，java中线程有6个状态：new，runnable，blocked，waiting，time,waiting，terminated

测试代码：

线程类

package com.concurrent.threadManager;

/**
 * 线程的创建和运行
 * 
 * @author Nicholas
 *
 */

public class Calculator implements Runnable {

	private int number;

	public Calculator(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++) {
			System.out.printf("%s : %d * %d = %d\n", Thread.currentThread()
					.getName(), number, i, i * number);
		}
	}
}

主方法：

package com.concurrent.threadManager;

import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.lang.Thread.State;

public class MainTest {

	/**
	 * 对于实现了runnable接口的类来说，创建一个Thread对象并不会创建一个新的执行线程 同样的，调用他的run方法，也不会创建一个新的执行线程
	 * 只有调用他的start方法事，才会创建一个新的执行线程
	 * 
	 * @param args
	 */

	public void testCreateThread() {
		for (int j = 0; j <= 10; j++) {
			Calculator calculator = new Calculator(j);
			Thread thread = new Thread(calculator);
			thread.start();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * id:保存了线程的唯一标识符 Name：线程名称
	 * Priority：保存了线程的优先级，线程的优先级是从一到10,1是最低优先级，10是最高优先级。
	 * status：线程的状态，java中线程有6个状态：new，runnable，blocked，waiting，time
	 * waiting，terminated
	 */
	public static void WriteThreadInfo(PrintWriter printWriter, Thread thread,
			State state) {
		printWriter.printf("Main : ID  %d - %s\n", thread.getId(),
				thread.getName());
		printWriter.printf("Main : Priority: %d\n", thread.getPriority());
		printWriter.printf("Main : Old status -%s\n", state);
		printWriter.printf("Main : New status -%s\n", thread.getState());
		printWriter.printf("Main : *******************************\n");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Thread threads[] = new Thread[10];// 创建10个线程
		Thread.State status[] = new Thread.State[10];// 创建保存10个线程状态的数组

		// 创建10个Calculator对象数组，为每个对象都设置不同的数字，然后用他们作为thread构造器的参数，创建10个线程对象
		// 将偶数部分优先级设为最高，奇数的设置为最低
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			threads[i] = new Thread(new Calculator(i));
			if (i % 2 == 0) {
				threads[i].setName("高优先级  ---Thread -" + i);
				threads[i].setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
			} else {
				threads[i].setName("低优先级  ---Thread -" + i);
				threads[i].setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
			}
		}

		// 创建PrintWriter对象，把线程的演变保存到log文本中
		// 把10个线程的状态写入文件，现在线程的状态是NEW
		try (FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(".\\log.txt");
				PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(fileWriter);) {
			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
				printWriter.println("Main:Status of Thread " + i + " : "
						+ threads[i].getState());
				status[i] = threads[i].getState();
			}
			// 线程执行
			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
				threads[i].start();
			}

			// 把状态发生了变化的，写入到文件
			boolean finished = false;
			while (!finished) {
				for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
					if (threads[i].getState() != status[i]) {
						WriteThreadInfo(printWriter, threads[i], status[i]);
						status[i] = threads[i].getState();
					}
				}
				finished = true;
				for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
					finished = finished
							&& (threads[i].getState() == State.TERMINATED);
				}
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

打印的log信息

Main:Status of Thread 0 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 1 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 2 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 3 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 4 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 5 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 6 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 7 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 8 : NEW
Main:Status of Thread 9 : NEW
Main : ID  10 - 高优先级  ---Thread -0
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -RUNNABLE
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  11 - 低优先级  ---Thread -1
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  12 - 高优先级  ---Thread -2
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  13 - 低优先级  ---Thread -3
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  14 - 高优先级  ---Thread -4
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  15 - 低优先级  ---Thread -5
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  16 - 高优先级  ---Thread -6
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  17 - 低优先级  ---Thread -7
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  18 - 高优先级  ---Thread -8
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  19 - 低优先级  ---Thread -9
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -NEW
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  10 - 高优先级  ---Thread -0
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -RUNNABLE
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  15 - 低优先级  ---Thread -5
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -RUNNABLE
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  17 - 低优先级  ---Thread -7
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -RUNNABLE
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  15 - 低优先级  ---Thread -5
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -RUNNABLE
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  17 - 低优先级  ---Thread -7
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -RUNNABLE
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  19 - 低优先级  ---Thread -9
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -RUNNABLE
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  19 - 低优先级  ---Thread -9
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -RUNNABLE
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  13 - 低优先级  ---Thread -3
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -RUNNABLE
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  13 - 低优先级  ---Thread -3
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -RUNNABLE
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  11 - 低优先级  ---Thread -1
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -RUNNABLE
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  18 - 高优先级  ---Thread -8
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  14 - 高优先级  ---Thread -4
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  12 - 高优先级  ---Thread -2
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  14 - 高优先级  ---Thread -4
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -RUNNABLE
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  18 - 高优先级  ---Thread -8
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  11 - 低优先级  ---Thread -1
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -RUNNABLE
Main : New status -BLOCKED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  16 - 高优先级  ---Thread -6
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  11 - 低优先级  ---Thread -1
Main : Priority: 1
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -RUNNABLE
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  14 - 高优先级  ---Thread -4
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  18 - 高优先级  ---Thread -8
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************
Main : ID  12 - 高优先级  ---Thread -2
Main : Priority: 10
Main : Old status -BLOCKED
Main : New status -TERMINATED
Main : *******************************

可以看出

1、高优先级的线程比低有限级的线程结束的早

2、jvm使用线程的Priority属性来决定某一刻由那个线程来使用CPU。

3、如果setPriority设置的优先级不是1到10，就会抛出IllegalArgumentException异常