常用Java虚拟机参数

打印GC日志

-XX:+PrintGC

jdk9之后建议使用 -Xlog:gc

[GC (Allocation Failure)  4676K->2628K(9728K), 0.0004307 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure)  4676K->2628K(9728K), 0.0004717 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure)  4676K->2628K(9728K), 0.0006033 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure)  4676K->2628K(9728K), 0.0005774 secs]

堆空间使用量约为4MB，在GC后，堆空间使用量为2628KB，当前可用的堆空间总和约为10MB

-XX:+PrintGCDetails

jdk9之后使用 -Xlog:gc*

GC详细信息

[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4200K->2152K(9728K), 0.0008739 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4200K->2152K(9728K), 0.0004044 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
Heap
 PSYoungGen      total 2560K, used 935K [0x00000000ffd00000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
  eden space 2048K, 45% used [0x00000000ffd00000,0x00000000ffde9d38,0x00000000fff00000)
  from space 512K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff80000)
  to   space 512K, 0% used [0x00000000fff80000,0x00000000fff80000,0x0000000100000000)
 ParOldGen       total 7168K, used 2152K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffd00000, 0x00000000ffd00000)
  object space 7168K, 30% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ff81a060,0x00000000ffd00000)
 Metaspace       used 3988K, capacity 4572K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
  class space    used 435K, capacity 460K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

最后一次GC是新生代GC，新生代从回收前的2047KB降到0K，整个堆从4200KB降到2152KB

堆信息：新生代总大小2560K，已使用935K，其后的3个16进制表示新生代的下界、当前上界和上界

[0x00000000ffd00000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)

使用上界减去下界就能得到当前堆空间的最大值，使用当前上界减去下界，就是当前虚拟机已经为程序分配的空间。如果当前上界等于下界，说明当前的堆空间已经没有扩大可能性。

(0x0000000100000000-0x00000000ffd00000)/1024=3072K

这块空间正好是eden+from+to的总和

-XX:+PrintHeapAtGC

jdk9之后删除词参数

在每次GC前、后分别打印堆的信息

{Heap before GC invocations=1156 (full 0):
 PSYoungGen      total 2560K, used 2047K [0x00000000ffd00000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
  eden space 2048K, 99% used [0x00000000ffd00000,0x00000000ffeffff8,0x00000000fff00000)
  from space 512K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff80000)
  to   space 512K, 0% used [0x00000000fff80000,0x00000000fff80000,0x0000000100000000)
 ParOldGen       total 7168K, used 2608K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffd00000, 0x00000000ffd00000)
  object space 7168K, 36% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ff88c038,0x00000000ffd00000)
 Metaspace       used 3979K, capacity 4572K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
  class space    used 434K, capacity 460K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K
Heap after GC invocations=1156 (full 0):
 PSYoungGen      total 2560K, used 0K [0x00000000ffd00000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
  eden space 2048K, 0% used [0x00000000ffd00000,0x00000000ffd00000,0x00000000fff00000)
  from space 512K, 0% used [0x00000000fff80000,0x00000000fff80000,0x0000000100000000)
  to   space 512K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff80000)
 ParOldGen       total 7168K, used 2608K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffd00000, 0x00000000ffd00000)
  object space 7168K, 36% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ff88c038,0x00000000ffd00000)
 Metaspace       used 3979K, capacity 4572K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
  class space    used 434K, capacity 460K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K
}

-XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps

打印GC发生的时间，jdk9之后使用-Xlog:gc*默认打印时间

1.751: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4512K->2464K(9728K), 0.0003170 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
1.752: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4512K->2464K(9728K), 0.0003336 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
1.753: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4512K->2464K(9728K), 0.0002719 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
1.755: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4512K->2464K(9728K), 0.0003494 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
1.756: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4512K->2464K(9728K), 0.0002822 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
1.757: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4512K->2464K(9728K), 0.0003964 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 

-XX:+PrintGCApplicationConcurrentTime

打印应用程序的执行命令

1.786: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4668K->2620K(9728K), 0.0003586 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
1.788: Application time: 0.0008788 seconds

-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime

打印应用程序由于GC而产生的停顿时间

0.177: [GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 2029K->503K(2560K)] 2029K->950K(9728K), 0.0008365 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
0.178: Total time for which application threads were stopped: 0.0009772 seconds, Stopping threads took: 0.0000150 seconds

-XX:+PrintReferenceGC

打印软引用、弱引用、虚引用和Finallize队列信息 jdk9之后删除此参数

1.850: [GC (Allocation Failure) 1.851: [SoftReference, 0 refs, 0.0000321 secs]1.851: [WeakReference, 0 refs, 0.0000108 secs]1.851: [FinalReference, 0 refs, 0.0000257 secs]1.851: [PhantomReference, 0 refs, 0 refs, 0.0000116 secs]1.851: [JNI Weak Reference, 0.0000073 secs][PSYoungGen: 2047K->0K(2560K)] 4624K->2576K(9728K), 0.0008096 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 

类加载/卸载的跟踪

-verbose:class -XX:+TraceClassLoading -XX:+TraceClassUnloading

在jdk9之后使用-Xlog:class+load=info -Xlog:class+unload=info

追踪加载/卸载以class文件的形式加载到虚拟机的类，还有动态代理、AOP等产生的动态类

查看系统参数

-XX:+PrintVMOptions

打印虚拟机接收到的命令行显式参数

VM option '+PrintVMOptions'

-XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags

打印传递给虚拟机的显式和隐式参数

-XX:InitialHeapSize=266121280 -XX:MaxHeapSize=4257940480 -XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags -XX:+UseCompressedClassPointers -XX:+UseCompressedOops -XX:-UseLargePagesIndividualAllocation -XX:+UseParallelGC 
5

-XX:+PrintFlagsFinal

打印所有的系统参数的值

堆

-Xms -Xmx

-Xms初始堆空间的大小，如果初始堆的空间不足耗尽，虚拟机将会对堆空间进行扩展，其扩展上限为最大堆空间，最大堆空间可以使用参数-Xmx指定，一般情况下在HotSpot中初始堆的大小和最大堆大小设置成一致。

-Xms20M -Xmx20M

-XX:SurvivorRatio

设置新生代eden区和from/to区的比例

-Xms20m -Xmx20m -Xmn6m -XX:SuvivorRatio=2 -XX:+PrintGCDetails

Heap
 PSYoungGen      total 4608K, used 3667K [0x00000000ffa00000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
  eden space 3072K, 70% used [0x00000000ffa00000,0x00000000ffc1ce80,0x00000000ffd00000)
  from space 1536K, 97% used [0x00000000ffd00000,0x00000000ffe78010,0x00000000ffe80000)
  to   space 1536K, 0% used [0x00000000ffe80000,0x00000000ffe80000,0x0000000100000000)
 ParOldGen       total 14336K, used 572K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ffa00000, 0x00000000ffa00000)
  object space 14336K, 3% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000fec8f060,0x00000000ffa00000)
 Metaspace       used 3417K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
  class space    used 372K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

-Xmn

-Xmn设置新生代的绝对大小

-XX:NewRatio

设置新生代和老年代的比例

-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError

在内存溢出时导出整个堆的 信息

-XX:HeapDumpPath

指定导出堆的存放路径，和-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError一起使用

-Xms20m -Xmx20m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=d:/a.dump

方法区

-XX:PermSize -XX:MaxPermSize

jdk1.6 .17等版本 -XX:PermSize表示永久区大小 -XX:MaxPermSize表示最大永久区大小

-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize

jdk1.8及以后 指定元数据区的最大可用值

栈

-Xss

指定线程的栈大小

-XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis

启用逃逸分析

-XX:+EliminateAllocations

开启标量替换

直接内存

-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize

最大可用直接内存 如果不设置，默认值为最大堆空间即-Xmx值，当直接内存使用量达到-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize时，就会触发GC，如果GC不能有效释放空间，直接内存溢出依然会引起系统的OOM。