Ajax是Asynchronous JavaScript And XML的缩写，意思是异步的JavaScript和XML。
Ajax技术包括的主要组件有JavaScript、XML、DOM、CSS以及XMLHttpRequest对象。
Ajax技术能是实现异步通信以及页面局部刷新，能够在浏览器中实现类似窗口的效果，增强用户体验。
Ajax的请求流程：
1、客户端使用JavaScript创建XMLHttpRequest对象；
2、通过JavaScript设置回调方法；
3、通过XMLHttpRequest发送异步请求，并监视返回状态；
4、响应返回，自动调用回调方法；
5、毁掉方法将使用DOM解析返回结果，局部刷新页面。
编写表单页面：registerajax.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>RegisterAjax</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var xmlHttp;
function createXMLHttpRequest(){//创建XMLHttpRequest对象
if(window.ActiveXObject){
xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}else if(window.XMLHttpRequest){
xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
}
function validate(){
createXMLHttpRequest();
var name=document.getElementById("custname");
var url= "registerajax?custname="+escape(name.value);
xmlHttp.open("GET",url,true);
xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = callback;
xmlHttp.send(null);
}
function callback(){
if(xmlHttp.readyState==4){
//alert(xmlHttp.status);
if(xmlHttp.status==200){
var mes = xmlHttp.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("message")[0].firstChild.data;
var val = xmlHttp.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("passed")[0].firstChild.data;
setMessage(mes,val);
}
}
}
function setMessage(message,isValid){
//alert(message);
var messageArea = document.getElementById("custnameerror");
var fontColor = "red";
if(isValid=="true"){
fontColor="green";
}
messageArea.innerHTML="<font color="+fontColor+">"+message+"</font>";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action ="registerajax" method="post">
Your custname:<input type="text" name="custname" οnchange="validate();"><br>
<div id="custnameerror"></div>
Your password:<input type="password" name="pwd"><br>
Your age:<input type="text" name="age" ><br>
Your address:<input type="text" name="address" ><br>
<input type = "submit" value="Register">
</form>
</body>
</html>RegisterServlet.java
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import vo.Customer;
import dao.Impl.CustomerDAOImpl;
/**
* Servlet implementation class RegistertServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/RegistertServlet")
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public RegisterServlet() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
CustomerDAOImpl dao = new CustomerDAOImpl();
Customer c = dao.selectByName(request.getParameter("custname"));
boolean passed=(c==null);
response.setContentType("text/xml");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
String message="The custname already be registered.";
if(passed){
message="You have entered a valid custname";
}
out.println("<response>");
out.println("<passed>"+Boolean.toString(passed)+"</passed>");
out.println("<message>"+message+"</message>");
out.println("</response>");
out.close();
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
注意创建Servlet需要修改web.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:web="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" id="WebApp_9" version="2.4">
<display-name>Struts Blank</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> <filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping></span>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/registerajax</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>显示效果：
用户名已存在
用户名可注册
当时配置完成后怎么都不显示效果，调试发现传回的status=404
后来查看后台，发现有错误报出：
<span style="color:#ff0000;">警告: Could not find action or result
There is no Action mapped for namespace [/] and action name [registerajax] associated with context path [/MyWork]. - [unknown location]
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:185)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:501)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:98)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1040)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:607)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:315)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)</span>
后来通过仔细研究终究发现原来是Struts2的配置将Servlet过滤了
于是按照以上配置修改web.xml文件，完成了Struts2的Ajax支持
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Struts2中对Ajax的支持
Dojo框架和DWR框架
Dojo：是一个客户端的Ajax框架，是一个JS的工具集。Struts2提供了一些基于Dojo的标签，支持Ajax功能。
DWR：是Direct Web Remoting的缩写。DWR是一个服务器端的Ajax框架。DWR包含服务器端JAVA类库、一个DWR Servlet以及JavaScript库。
1、下载DWR库，导入工程
2、在Web.xml中配置DWR Servlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dwr</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>3、在WEB-INF下创建dwr.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- START SNIPPET: dwr -->
<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC
"-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 1.0//EN"
"http://www.getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/dwr10.dtd">
<dwr>
<allow>
<create creator="new" javascript="validator">
<param name="class"
value="org.apache.struts2.validators.DWRValidator" />
</create>
<convert converter="bean"
match="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ValidationAwareSupport" />
</allow>
<signatures>
<![CDATA[
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.struts2.validators.DWRValidator;
DWRValidator.doPost(String, String, Map<String, String>);
]]>
</signatures>
</dwr>
<!-- END SNIPPET: dwr -->
4、修改register.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gb2312"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'register.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
<s:head theme="ajax"/>
</head>
<body>
<s:actionerror/>
<!--<s:fielderror></s:fielderror>-->
<s:text name="register.info"></s:text><br>
<s:form action="Register" validate="true" theme="ajax">
<s:textfield name="custname" key="custname.label"></s:textfield>
<s:password name="pwd" key="pwd.label"></s:password>
<s:textfield name="age" key="age.label"></s:textfield>
<s:textfield name="address" key="address.label"></s:textfield>
<s:submit key="register.button"></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
5、修改RegisterAction.java
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
"-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<field name="custname">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message key="custname.null"></message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="pwd">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message key="pwd.null"></message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="age">
<field-validator type="int">
<param name="min">18</param>
<param name="max">60</param>
<message key="age.int"></message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="address">
<field-validator type="email">
<message key="address.email"></message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>6、配置RegisterAction-validation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
"-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<field name="custname">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message key="custname.null"></message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="pwd">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message key="pwd.null"></message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="age">
<field-validator type="int">
<param name="min">18</param>
<param name="max">60</param>
<message key="age.int"></message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<field name="address">
<field-validator type="email">
<message key="address.email"></message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>不知为何尝试很多次，还未验证成功
无法显示出Ajax效果，还待求解，编辑此处只是为了了解学习Struts2 支持Ajax的过程。。。
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