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Java lambda 一眼看上去有点像匿名内部类的简化形式，但是二者确有着本质的差别。匿名内部类经编译后会生成对应的class文件，格式为
XXX$n.class；而lambda代码经过编译后生成一个private方法，方法名格式为lambda$main$n。
// Application.main 方法中代码ArrayList<String> list = CollectionUtil.newArrayList("I", "love", "you");list.forEach(new Consumer<String>() { @Override public void accept(String s) { System.out.println(s); }});list.forEach(System.out::println);以上代码就会产生一个Application$1.class文件和一个lambda$main$0的方法。既然lambda实现不是内部类，那么在lambda中this就代表的当前所在类实例。
// Application.main 方法中代码ArrayList<String> list = CollectionUtil.newArrayList("I", "love", "you");list.forEach(item -> { System.out.println(item);});通过javap -c -p Application.class查看以上代码对应的字节码：
Constant pool: #1 = Methodref #12.#36 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V #2 = Class #37 // java/lang/String #3 = String #38 // I #4 = String #39 // love #5 = String #40 // you #6 = Methodref #41.#42 // cn/hutool/core/collection/CollectionUtil.newArrayList:([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/util/ArrayList; #7 = InvokeDynamic #0:#48 // #0:accept:()Ljava/util/function/Consumer; #8 = Methodref #49.#50 // java/util/ArrayList.forEach:(Ljava/util/function/Consumer;)V #9 = Fieldref #51.#52 // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; #10 = Methodref #53.#54 // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V #11 = Class #55 // com/luo/demo/Application #12 = Class #56 // java/lang/Object #13 = Utf8 <init> #14 = Utf8 ()V #15 = Utf8 Code #16 = Utf8 LineNumberTable #17 = Utf8 LocalVariableTable #18 = Utf8 this #19 = Utf8 Lcom/luo/demo/Application; #20 = Utf8 main #21 = Utf8 ([Ljava/lang/String;)V #22 = Utf8 args #23 = Utf8 [Ljava/lang/String; #24 = Utf8 list #25 = Utf8 Ljava/util/ArrayList; #26 = Utf8 LocalVariableTypeTable #27 = Utf8 Ljava/util/ArrayList<Ljava/lang/String;>; #28 = Utf8 lambda$main$0 #29 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)V #30 = Utf8 item #31 = Utf8 Ljava/lang/String; #32 = Utf8 SourceFile #33 = Utf8 Application.java #34 = Utf8 RuntimeVisibleAnnotations #35 = Utf8 Lorg/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/SpringBootApplication; #36 = NameAndType #13:#14 // "<init>":()V #37 = Utf8 java/lang/String #38 = Utf8 I #39 = Utf8 love #40 = Utf8 you #41 = Class #57 // cn/hutool/core/collection/CollectionUtil #42 = NameAndType #58:#59 // newArrayList:([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/util/ArrayList; #43 = Utf8 BootstrapMethods #44 = MethodHandle #6:#60 // invokestatic java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory.metafactory:(Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandle;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite; #45 = MethodType #61 // (Ljava/lang/Object;)V #46 = MethodHandle #6:#62 // invokestatic com/luo/demo/Application.lambda$main$0:(Ljava/lang/String;)V #47 = MethodType #29 // (Ljava/lang/String;)V #48 = NameAndType #63:#64 // accept:()Ljava/util/function/Consumer; #49 = Class #65 // java/util/ArrayList #50 = NameAndType #66:#67 // forEach:(Ljava/util/function/Consumer;)V #51 = Class #68 // java/lang/System #52 = NameAndType #69:#70 // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; #53 = Class #71 // java/io/PrintStream #54 = NameAndType #72:#29 // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V #55 = Utf8 com/luo/demo/Application #56 = Utf8 java/lang/Object #57 = Utf8 cn/hutool/core/collection/CollectionUtil #58 = Utf8 newArrayList #59 = Utf8 ([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/util/ArrayList; #60 = Methodref #73.#74 // java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory.metafactory:(Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandle;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite; #61 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/Object;)V #62 = Methodref #11.#75 // com/luo/demo/Application.lambda$main$0:(Ljava/lang/String;)V #63 = Utf8 accept #64 = Utf8 ()Ljava/util/function/Consumer; #65 = Utf8 java/util/ArrayList #66 = Utf8 forEach #67 = Utf8 (Ljava/util/function/Consumer;)V #68 = Utf8 java/lang/System #69 = Utf8 out #70 = Utf8 Ljava/io/PrintStream; #71 = Utf8 java/io/PrintStream #72 = Utf8 println #73 = Class #76 // java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory #74 = NameAndType #77:#81 // metafactory:(Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandle;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite; #75 = NameAndType #28:#29 // lambda$main$0:(Ljava/lang/String;)V #76 = Utf8 java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory #77 = Utf8 metafactory #78 = Class #83 // java/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup #79 = Utf8 Lookup #80 = Utf8 InnerClasses #81 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandle;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite; #82 = Class #84 // java/lang/invoke/MethodHandles #83 = Utf8 java/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup #84 = Utf8 java/lang/invoke/MethodHandles{ public com.luo.demo.Application(); descriptor: ()V flags: ACC_PUBLIC Code: stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1 0: aload_0 1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V 4: return LineNumberTable: line 12: 0 LocalVariableTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 0 5 0 this Lcom/luo/demo/Application;
public static void main(java.lang.String[]); descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC Code: stack=4, locals=2, args_size=1 0: iconst_3 1: anewarray #2 // class java/lang/String 4: dup 5: iconst_0 6: ldc #3 // String I 8: aastore 9: dup 10: iconst_1 11: ldc #4 // String love 13: aastore 14: dup 15: iconst_2 16: ldc #5 // String you 18: aastore 19: invokestatic #6 // Method cn/hutool/core/collection/CollectionUtil.newArrayList:([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/util/ArrayList; 22: astore_1 23: aload_1 24: invokedynamic #7, 0 // InvokeDynamic #0:accept:()Ljava/util/function/Consumer; 29: invokevirtual #8 // Method java/util/ArrayList.forEach:(Ljava/util/function/Consumer;)V 32: return LineNumberTable: line 15: 0 line 16: 23 line 19: 32 LocalVariableTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 0 33 0 args [Ljava/lang/String; 23 10 1 list Ljava/util/ArrayList; LocalVariableTypeTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 23 10 1 list Ljava/util/ArrayList<Ljava/lang/String;>;
private static void lambda$main$0(java.lang.String); descriptor: (Ljava/lang/String;)V flags: ACC_PRIVATE, ACC_STATIC, ACC_SYNTHETIC Code: stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1 0: getstatic #9 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 3: aload_0 4: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V 7: return LineNumberTable: line 17: 0 line 18: 7 LocalVariableTable: Start Length Slot Name Signature 0 8 0 item Ljava/lang/String;}通过字节码可以看出，调用lambda方法时使用了invokedynamic，该字节码命令是为了支持动态语言特性而在Java7中新增的。Java的lambda表达式实现上也就借助于invokedynamic命令。
字节码中每一处含有invokeDynamic指令的位置都称为动态调用点，这条指令的第一个参数不再是代表方法调用符号引用的CONSTANT_Methodref_info常亮，而是变成为JDK7新加入的CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info常量，从这个新常量中可得到3项信息：引导方法（Bootstrap Method，此方法存放在新增的BootstrapMethods属性中）、方法类型和名称。引导方法是有固定的参数，并且返回值是java.lang.invoke.CallSite对象，这个代表真正要执行的目标方法调用。根据CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info常量中提供的信息，虚拟机可以找到并执行引导方法，从而获得一个CallSite对象，最终调用要执行的目标方法。
从上述mian方法的字节码可见，有一个invokeDynamic指令，他的参数为第7项常量（第二个值为0的参数HotSpot中用不到，占位符）。 invokedynamic #7, 0 // InvokeDynamic #0:accept:()Ljava/util/function/Consumer;
常量池中第7项是#7 = InvokeDynamic #0:#48 // #0:accept:()Ljava/util/function/Consumer;，说明它是一项CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info常量，常量值中前面的#0表示引导方法取BootstrapMethods属性表的第0项，而后面的#48表示引用第48项类型为CONSTANAT_NameAndType_info的常量，从这个常量中可以获取方法名称和描述符，即accept方法。
BootstrapMethods: 0: #44 invokestatic java/lang/invoke/LambdaMetafactory.metafactory:(Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandle;Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodType;)Ljava/lang/invoke/CallSite; Method arguments: #45 (Ljava/lang/Object;)V #46 invokestatic com/luo/demo/Application.lambda$main$0:(Ljava/lang/String;)V #47 (Ljava/lang/String;)V
上图是在lambda代码中打断点时的调用栈信息，如果在这里的lambda中打印当前所属class，就是Application类，也印证了前面分析的lambda代码会生成一个private方法。
从调用栈的信息来看，是在accept方法中调用lambda对应的private方法（ambda$main$0）的，但是这里的accept方法是属于什么对象呢？从图中看是一串数字字符串，这里可以理解成一个Consumer接口的实现类即可，每个lambda表达式可以理解成在一个新的Consumer实现类中调用的即可。使用命令jmap -histo查看JVM进程类和对象信息可以看到这一行信息： 600: 1 16 com.luo.demo.Application$$Lambda$5/1615039080
参考资料：
1、https://blog.csdn.net/zxhoo/article/details/38387141
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