Spring 三种实例化Bean的方式

Spring4共提供了三种实例化bean的方式，分别为构造器实例化、静态工厂实例化、动态方法实例化，

下面一一详解：文章出自这里！

公用使用的实体

package com.gditc.test.domain;

/**
 * 测试实体
 * 
 * @author JiangI
 */
public class Person {

	private String name;
	private Integer age;

	public Person() {
		super();
		System.out.println("无参构造器");
	}

	public Person(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		System.out.println("带name参数的构造器:" + name);
	}

	public Person(String name, Integer age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		System.out.println("带name及age参数的构造器" + name + ":" + age);
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}

}

方式一：

xml配置

<!-- 实例化方式一：构造器 -->
<!-- 无参构造器实例化 -->
<bean id="personNo" class="com.gditc.test.domain.Person"/>
	
<!-- 带name参数的构造器实例化 -->
<bean id="personWithName" class="com.gditc.test.domain.Person">
	<constructor-arg name="name" value="username1"/>
</bean>
	
<!-- 带name及age参数的构造器实例化 -->
<bean id="personWithNameAndAge" class="com.gditc.test.domain.Person">
	<constructor-arg name="name" value="username2"/>
	<constructor-arg name="age" value="22"/><!-- 注意这里的value一定要和Person类属性的age的类型一致，否则报错 -->
</bean>

测试

/**
 * 无参构造器 正确运行条件：有一个无参构造器，否则报错(无参构造器必须显示写出来)
*/
@Test
public void testPersonNo() {
	Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans-instance.xml");
	BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
	Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("personNo");
	System.out.println(person);
}
	
/*
 * 带name参数构造器 
 */
@Test
public void testPersonWithName() {
	Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans-instance.xml");
	BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
	Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("personWithName");
	System.out.println(person);
}
	
/*
 * 带name及age参数构造器
 */
@Test
public void testPersonWithNameAndAge() {
	Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans-instance.xml");
	BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
	Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("personWithNameAndAge");
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>System.out.println(person);
}

以上是构造器实例化方式， 这个方法比较实用，必须掌握！！！

方式二：静态工厂

静态工厂实例化方法需要另外建立一个工厂类

package com.gditc.test.domain;

/**
 * 静态工厂实例化
 * @author JiangI
 *
 */
public class PersonStaticFactory {

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//无参
	public static Person createPersonInstance() {
		return new Person();
	}
	
	//有参
	public static Person createPersonInstance(String name) {
		return new Person(name);
	}
}

本工厂类提供两个方法，分别对应带参数、无参构造器。

xml配置

<!-- 实例化方式二：静态工厂 -->
<!-- 无参数工厂创建方法 -->
<bean id="personStaticFactory" class="com.gditc.test.domain.PersonStaticFactory" factory-method="createPersonInstance"/>
<!-- 带一参数工厂创建方法 -->
<bean id="personStaticFactoryWithName" class="com.gditc.test.domain.PersonStaticFactory" factory-method="createPersonInstance">
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span><constructor-arg name="name" value="username3"/>
</bean>

测试

/*
 * 无参静态工厂方法构造 (无论工厂方法是什么修饰符都可以)
 */
@Test
public void testStaticFacotyNo() {
	Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans-instance.xml");
	BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
	Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("personDynamicFactory");
	System.out.println(person);
}
	
/*
 *带name参数工厂方法构造 
 */
@Test
public void testStaticFacotyWithName() {
	Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans-instance.xml");
	BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
	Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("personDynamicFactoryWithName");
	System.out.println(person);
}

方式三：动态工厂

与静态工厂大同小异，动态工厂的方法为非静态

package com.gditc.test.domain;


/**
 * 动态工厂
 * @author JiangI
 *
 */
public class PersonDynamicFactory {


	//无参
	public Person dynamicCreatePerson() {
		return new Person();
	}
	
	//有参
	public Person dynamicCreatePersonWithName(String name) {
		return new Person(name);
	}
}

xml配置

<!-- 实例化方式三：动态工厂  -->
<!-- 无参数工厂创建方法 -->
<bean id="personDynamicFactory" class="com.gditc.test.domain.PersonDynamicFactory" factory-method="dynamicCreatePerson"/>

<!-- 带一参数工厂创建方法 -->
<bean id="personDynamicFactoryWithName" class="com.gditc.test.domain.PersonDynamicFactory" factory-method="dynamicCreatePersonWithName">
	<constructor-arg name="name" value="username4"/>
</bean>

测试

/*
 * 无参动态工厂方法构造（无论工厂方法是什么修饰符都可以）
*/
@Test
public void testDynamicFacoty() {
	Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans-instance.xml");
	BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
	Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("personDynamicFactory");
	System.out.println(person);
}
	
/*
 * 带name参数的工厂构造（无论工厂方法是什么修饰符都可以）
 */
@Test
public void testDynamicFacotyWithName() {
	Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans-instance.xml");
	BeanFactory beanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
	Person person = (Person) beanFactory.getBean("personDynamicFactoryWithName");
	System.out.println(person);
}

动态工厂实例化的方式出现错误，暂时找不到原因