//递归实现二叉树的遍历
#include<stdlib.h>
#define STACKINITSIZE 100
#define STACKINCREASESIZE 20
typedef char ElemType;
//树结构
typedef struct tree
{
ElemType data;
struct tree * lchild;
struct tree * rchild;
}TreeNode,*Tree;
//创建树,以先序序列建立树
void CreateTree(Tree &t)
{
char ch;
scanf("%c",&ch);
if (ch == '#')
t = NULL;
else
{
t = (Tree)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
if ( !t )
{
printf("分配内存出错!");
return ;
}
t->data = ch;
CreateTree(t->lchild);
CreateTree(t->rchild);
}
}
//递归先序遍历
void PreOrder(Tree t)
{
if (t != NULL)
{
printf("%c",t->data);
PreOrder(t->lchild);
PreOrder(t->rchild);
}
}
//递归中序遍历
void InOrder(Tree t)
{
if (t != NULL)
{
InOrder(t->lchild);
printf("%c",t->data);
InOrder(t->rchild);
}
}
//递归后序遍历
void PostOrder(Tree t)
{
if (t != NULL)
{
PostOrder(t->lchild);
PostOrder(t->rchild);
printf("%c",t->data);
}
}
int main()
{
Tree T;
printf("\n按先序序列输入结点序列,'#'代表空:");
CreateTree(T);
printf("\n**********递归遍历结果**********\n");
printf("\n先序遍历结果:");
PreOrder(T);
printf("\n中序遍历结果:");
InOrder(T);
printf("\n后序遍历结果:");
PostOrder(T);
printf("\n\n");
return ;
}
运行结果:
//非递归遍历借助栈来实现
#include<stdlib.h>
#define STACKINITSIZE 100
#define STACKINCREASESIZE 20
typedef char ElemType;
//树结构
typedef struct tree
{
ElemType data;
struct tree * lchild;
struct tree * rchild;
unsigned int isOut; //专为后序遍历设置的,0为不需要被输出,1为需要被输出
}TreeNode,*Tree;
//栈结构
typedef struct stack
{
Tree * base;
Tree * top;
int stacksize;
}SqStack;
//初始化栈
void InitStack( SqStack &s )
{
s.base = (Tree *)malloc(STACKINITSIZE*sizeof(Tree));
if ( !s.base )
{
printf("InitStack内存分配出错\n");
}
s.top = s.base;
s.stacksize = STACKINITSIZE;
}
void Push( SqStack &s, Tree e )
{
if ( s.top - s.base >= s.stacksize )
{
s.base = (Tree *)realloc(s.base,(s.stacksize+STACKINCREASESIZE)*sizeof(Tree));
if ( !s.base )
{
printf("Push内存分配出错\n");
return ;
}
s.top = s.base + s.stacksize;
s.stacksize += STACKINCREASESIZE;
}
e->isOut = 0;
*s.top++ = e;
}
//获得栈顶元素
void GetTop( SqStack s, Tree &e )
{
e = *(s.top - 1);
}
//弹出栈顶元素
void Pop( SqStack &s, Tree &e )
{
if ( s.top == s.base )
{
printf("栈为空\n");
return ;
}
e = *(--s.top);
}
//判断栈是否为空,为空返回1,否则返回0
int StackEmpty( SqStack s )
{
if ( s.top == s.base )
return 1;
return 0;
}
//创建树,以先序序列建立树
void CreateTree(Tree &t)
{
char ch;
scanf("%c",&ch);
if ( ch == '#' )
t = NULL;
else
{
t = (Tree)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
if ( !t )
{
printf("分配内存出错!");
return ;
}
t->data = ch;
CreateTree(t->lchild);
CreateTree(t->rchild);
}
}
//非递归先序遍历
void PreOrder(Tree t)
{
Tree p = t;
SqStack s;
InitStack(s);
while (p || !StackEmpty(s))
{
if (p)
{
printf("%c",p->data);
Push(s,p);
p = p->lchild;
}
else
{
Pop(s,p);
p = p->rchild;
}
}
}
//非递归中序遍历
void InOrder(Tree t)
{
Tree p = t;
SqStack s;
InitStack(s);
while (p || !StackEmpty(s))
{
if (p)
{
Push(s,p);
p = p->lchild;
}
else
{
Pop(s,p);
printf("%c",p->data);
p = p->rchild;
}
}
}
//非递归后序遍历
void PostOrder(Tree t)
{
t->isOut = 0;
Tree p = t;
SqStack s;
InitStack(s);
while (p || !StackEmpty(s))
{
if (p)
{
if (p->isOut)
{
//左右子树都已输出,则该节点也输出
Pop(s,p);
printf("%c",p->data);
if (!StackEmpty(s))
GetTop(s,p); //得到弹出节点元素的父节点
else
p = NULL;
}
else
{
if ( (p->lchild) && (p->lchild->isOut == 1) )
{//如果存在左子树,并且左子树已经遍历完,则说明该节点已经入栈,不用再次Push,直接走向右子树
p->isOut = 1;
p = p->rchild;
}
else
{
Push(s,p);
p = p->lchild;
}
}
}
else
{
if (!StackEmpty(s))
GetTop(s,p);
else
p = NULL;
if ( p->rchild )
{
p = p->rchild;
}
else
{
Pop(s,p);
printf("%c",p->data);
p->isOut = 1;
if (!StackEmpty(s))
{
GetTop(s,p);
if ( p->lchild == NULL )
p->isOut = 1; //右子树已输出,将父节点isOut置1
}
else
p = NULL;
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
Tree T;
printf("\n按先序序列输入结点序列,'#'代表空:");
CreateTree(T);
printf("\n**********非递归遍历结果**********\n");
printf("\n先序遍历结果:");
PreOrder(T);
printf("\n中序遍历结果:");
InOrder(T);
printf("\n后序遍历结果:");
PostOrder(T);
printf("\n\n");
return 0;
}
运行结果: