##Android定位/LBS
刚刚写完一个定位的小需求，小记一下。
需求：
获取当前手机所在城市/国家
当看到这个需求的时候，我打算用百度、高德或者QQ的地图SDK的,但是考虑到国外定位的准确性，BOSS说用Google地图。可是国内Android手机基本都是太监（阉割了谷歌服务），所以只能放弃了。
原本已经打算用高德好了，但是发现了一个谷歌地图的API，即：
maps.google.cn/maps/api/geocode/json?language=zh-CN&sensor=true&latlng=-33.86984542,151.20689392
用浏览器访问这个地址，你会得到当前经纬度的定位信息，这里的-33.86984542,151.20689392对应的是悉尼。
那么就好办了，完成上面的需求只需要一下几个步骤了:
0.简略了解谷歌地图的api 1.获取手机的经纬度 2.根据经纬度访问谷歌地图的api 3.解析返回的数据
####0.谷歌地图的API 在开始之前，先解释一下上面的API地址，官方文档很详细，这里我简要记载一些基本的。
1.language=zh-CN 代表返回的是中文，当然language=en就是英文了。 2.用.cn而不是.com是因为伟大的GFW。 3.json 代表返回的是json数据，这里还可以是xml。 4.sensor 顾名思义，是否支持传感器。 5.latlng 就是经纬度了，用逗号隔开。
####1.获取手机当前位置的经纬度
....
private long locationRefreshMinTime = 5000;
private long locationRefreshMinDistance = 0;
....
private void getLocalInformation() {
//获取LocationManager实例
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
if (locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
//如果GPS可用
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, locationRefreshMinTime, locationRefreshMinDistance, locationListener);
} else {
//如果GPS不可用
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, locationRefreshMinTime, locationRefreshMinDistance, locationListener);
}
}
通过LocationManager的requestLocationUpdates()方法去请求当前的Location信息，requestLocationUpdates()接收四个参数：
1.provider，供应者，即Location的信息从谁那里获取，这里有两个供应者：
LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER，LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER。 2.minTime，最小时间，其实就是更新的间隔时间，单位是毫秒。 3.minDistance，最小距离，其实就是更新的最小偏移距离，即当手机的偏移位置超过了这个值，才进行更新。 4.listener，LocationListener，Location信息变化时调用的接口。
下面去实现LocationListener，代码如下：
private LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
// 当Location信息供应者发生变化的时候调用
}
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
// Provider被disable时调用，比如GPS被关闭
}
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
// Provider被enable时调用，比如GPS被打开
}
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
// 当坐标改变时调用
if (location != null) {
latitude = location.getLatitude() + "";
longitude = location.getLongitude() + "";
LogUtil.e(tag, "经度:" + latitude + "\n" + "纬度:" + longitude);
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LATITUDE, latitude);
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LONGITUDE, longitude);
editor.commit();
thisTime = location.getTime();
LogUtil.e(tag, "thisTime = " + thisTime);
LogUtil.e(tag, "lastTime = " + lastTime);
LogUtil.e(tag, "thisTime - lastTime = " + (thisTime - lastTime));
if (thisTime - lastTime > intervalTime || locality.equals(" ") || country.equals(" ")) {
lastTime = thisTime;
editor.putLong(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_UPDATE_LAST_TIME, thisTime);
editor.commit();
if (isAnalyzeJson) {
} else {
analyzeJson();
}
}
}
}
};
有些地方加了注释，是因为我实际开发需求才需要这些代码，与本文的探讨无关，所以先注释掉。
如上代码，我们分别实现了LocationListener的四个接口，在相应的状态下去处理事务，当位置信息发生变化时，调用了onLocationChanged(Location location)，如果location不为空，即获取到了当前手机的地理位置信息。
####1.根据经纬度访问谷歌地图的api
在上面的代码中，我们获取了信息之后，我调用了我自己写的”analyzeJson()”方法去获取并解析数据，代码如下：
private void analyzeJson() {
isAnalyzeJson = true;
LogUtil.e(tag, "analyzeJson()");
//格式化访问的地址
String urlString = String.format(iNFOMATION_URL, Double.valueOf(latitude), Double.valueOf(longitude));
parseJsonString(getJsonStringFromUrl(urlString));
for (int i = 0; i < loactions.size(); i++) {
ArrayList<String> typesList = loactions.get(i).typesList;
int typesListSize = typesList.size();
for (int j = 0; j < typesListSize; j++) {
if (typesList.get(j).equals("country")) {
hasCountry = true;
country = loactions.get(i).formatted_address;
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_COUNTRY, loactions.get(i).formatted_address);
editor.commit();
}
}
ArrayList<ADDRESS_COMPONENTS> address_components_list = loactions.get(i).address_components_list;
int address_components_list_size = address_components_list.size();
for (int k = 0; k < address_components_list_size; k++) {
ADDRESS_COMPONENTS address_components = address_components_list.get(k);
ArrayList<String> address_components_typesList = address_components.typesList;
int address_components_typesListSize = address_components_typesList.size();
for (int j = 0; j < address_components_typesListSize; j++) {
if (address_components_typesList.get(j).equals("locality")) {
hasLocality = true;
locality = address_components.long_name;
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LOCALITY, address_components.long_name);
editor.commit();
}
if (address_components_typesList.get(j).equals("country")) {
hasCountry = true;
country = address_components.long_name;
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_COUNTRY, address_components.long_name);
editor.commit();
}
}
}
}
if (!hasCountry) {
country = " ";
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_COUNTRY, country);
editor.commit();
}
if (!hasLocality) {
locality = " ";
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LOCALITY, locality);
editor.commit();
}
LogUtil.e(tag, "analyzeJson(),locality = " + locality);
LogUtil.e(tag, "analyzeJson(),country = " + country);
isAnalyzeJson = false;
hasCountry = false;
hasLocality = false;
}
首先根据location.getLatitude()和location.getLongitude()获取到的经纬度去组织API访问地址：
private static final String iNFOMATION_URL = "http://maps.google.cn/maps/api/geocode/json?language=zh-CN&sensor=true&latlng=%1$s,%2$s";
...
String urlString = String.format(iNFOMATION_URL, Double.valueOf(latitude), Double.valueOf(longitude));//组织Url地址
接着调用getJsonStringFromUrl(String url)去访问API地址：
private String getJsonStringFromUrl(String url) {
LogUtil.e(tag, "getJsonStringFromUrl(),url = " + url);
//设置线程的策略，获取log信息
StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder().detectDiskReads().detectDiskWrites().detectNetwork().penaltyLog().build());
StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder().detectLeakedSqlLiteObjects().penaltyLog().penaltyDeath().build());
URL cityInfoUrl;
byte[] data = new byte[] {};
try {
cityInfoUrl = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) cityInfoUrl.openConnection();
connection.setReadTimeout(5 * 1000);
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
InputStream inStream = connection.getInputStream();
data = readInputStream(inStream);
return (new String(data));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return (new String(data));
}
####2.解析数据 上面调用getJsonStringFromUrl(String url)去访问API地址后，返回了当前手机经纬度的地理信息，接着就要解析这一大坨信息了。 调用parseJsonString()方法去解析获取到的joson数据：
private ArrayList<LOCATION> loactions = new ArrayList<LOCATION>();
....
private void parseJsonString(String jsonString) {
try {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject(jsonString);
JSONArray results = json.getJSONArray("results");
int resultsLength = results.length();
for (int i = 0; i < resultsLength; i++) {
JSONObject results_item = results.getJSONObject(i);
loactions.add(LOCATION.fromJson(results_item));
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
下面是用于解析返回Json数据的实体类。 因为是实际开发的项目，这里我使用了开源的ActiveAndroid。
###LOCATION类： @Table(name = “LOCATION”) public class LOCATION extends Model implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Column(name = "formatted_address")
public String formatted_address;
@Column(name = "place_id")
public String place_id;
public ArrayList<ADDRESS_COMPONENTS> address_components_list = new ArrayList<ADDRESS_COMPONENTS>();
public ArrayList<GEOMETRY> geometry_list = new ArrayList<GEOMETRY>();
public ArrayList<String> typesList = new ArrayList<String>();
public static LOCATION fromJson(JSONObject jsonObject) throws JSONException {
if (null == jsonObject) {
return null;
}
LOCATION localItem = new LOCATION();
localItem.formatted_address = jsonObject.optString("formatted_address");
localItem.place_id = jsonObject.optString("place_id");
JSONArray address_components = jsonObject.optJSONArray("address_components");
if (address_components != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < address_components.length(); i++) {
if (localItem.address_components_list != null) {
localItem.address_components_list.add(ADDRESS_COMPONENTS.fromJson(address_components.getJSONObject(i)));
}
}
}
JSONArray geometry = jsonObject.optJSONArray("geometry");
if (geometry != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < geometry.length(); i++) {
if (localItem.geometry_list != null) {
localItem.geometry_list.add(GEOMETRY.fromJson(geometry.getJSONObject(i)));
}
}
}
JSONArray types = jsonObject.optJSONArray("types");
if (types != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < types.length(); i++) {
if (localItem.typesList != null) {
localItem.typesList.add(types.getString(i));
}
}
}
return localItem;
}
}
###ADDRESS_COMPONENTS类：
public class ADDRESS_COMPONENTS extends Model implements Serializable {
private static final String tag = "ADDRESS_COMPONENTS";
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Column(name = "long_name")
public String long_name;
@Column(name = "short_name")
public String short_name;
public ArrayList<String> typesList = new ArrayList<String>();
public static ADDRESS_COMPONENTS fromJson(JSONObject jsonObject) throws JSONException {
if (null == jsonObject) {
return null;
}
ADDRESS_COMPONENTS localItem = new ADDRESS_COMPONENTS();
localItem.long_name = jsonObject.optString("long_name");
localItem.short_name = jsonObject.optString("short_name");
JSONArray types = jsonObject.optJSONArray("types");
if (types != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < types.length(); i++) {
if (localItem.typesList != null) {
localItem.typesList.add(types.getString(i));
}
}
}
return localItem;
}
}
###GEOMETRY类：
public class GEOMETRY extends Model implements Serializable {
private static final String tag = "GEOMETRY";
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Column(name = "location_type")
public String location_type;
@Column(name = "lat")
public String lat;
@Column(name = "lng")
public String lng;
public ArrayList<String> location = new ArrayList<String>();
public static GEOMETRY fromJson(JSONObject jsonObject) throws JSONException {
if (null == jsonObject) {
return null;
}
GEOMETRY localItem = new GEOMETRY();
localItem.location_type = jsonObject.optString("location_type");
JSONObject location = jsonObject.getJSONObject("location");
localItem.lat = location.optString("lat");
localItem.lng = location.optString("lng");
return localItem;
}
}
通过以上的方法，就完成了API返回数据的解析，接着对数据进行遍历，判断types来获取相应的数据。
例如 types 包含 country，那么当前层级下的 long_name 对应的就是国家。 下面给出一下 types 所拥有的类型值：
street_number：表示精确的街道编号。
airport：表示机场。
premise：表示已命名的位置，通常是具有常用名称的建筑物或建筑群。
neighborhood：表示已命名的邻近地区。
sublocality_level_1：表示仅次于地区级别的1级行政实体。
sublocality_level_2：表示仅次于地区级别的2级行政实体。
sublocality_level_3：表示仅次于地区级别的3级行政实体。
administrative_area_level_1：表示仅次于国家级别的1级行政实体,中国为“省”。
administrative_area_level_2：表示仅次于国家级别的2级行政实体,中国为“市”。
administrative_area_level_3：表示仅次于国家级别的3级行政实体,中国为“县”。
sublocality：
postal_code 表示邮政编码。
political：表示某个行政管理区的多边形。
route：表示一条已命名的路线。
street_address：一个精确的街道地址。
locality：表示合并的市镇级别政治实体。（城市）
country：国家政治实体
最后，因为获取并解析数据是一个耗时的操作，所以这些操作应该写在Service中。 因为是公司项目，所以就不能上Demo了。 下面附上我获取LocationInrmation的完整代码，其实主要的操作都在这里了：
public class LocationInformationService extends Service {
public static final String tag = "LocationInformationService";
public static final String LOCATIONSTATUS = "com.qzmobile.android.location";
private static final String iNFOMATION_URL = "http://maps.google.cn/maps/api/geocode/json?language=zh-CN&sensor=true&latlng=%1$s,%2$s";
// private long intervalTime = 1000 * 60 * 30;
private long intervalTime = 5000;
private long locationRefreshMinTime = 5000;
private long locationRefreshMinDistance = 0;
private SharedPreferences shared;
private SharedPreferences.Editor editor;
private String latitude;
private String longitude;
private long lastTime;
private long thisTime;
private ArrayList<LOCATION> loactions = new ArrayList<LOCATION>();
private String locality;
private String country;
private boolean isAnalyzeJson = false;
private boolean hasCountry = false;
private boolean hasLocality = false;
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
LogUtil.e(tag, "onCreate()");
super.onCreate();
shared = getSharedPreferences(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION, 0);
editor = shared.edit();
initData();
getLocalInformation();
}
private void initData() {
LogUtil.e(tag, "initData()");
latitude = shared.getString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LATITUDE, "0.00");
longitude = shared.getString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LONGITUDE, "0.00");
lastTime = shared.getLong(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_UPDATE_LAST_TIME, 0);
locality = shared.getString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LOCALITY, " ");
country = shared.getString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_COUNTRY, " ");
}
private void getLocalInformation() {
LogUtil.e(tag, "getLocalInformation()");
LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
if (locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
LogUtil.e(tag, "GPS_PROVIDER");
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, locationRefreshMinTime, locationRefreshMinDistance, locationListener);
} else {
LogUtil.e(tag, "NETWORK_PROVIDER");
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, locationRefreshMinTime, locationRefreshMinDistance, locationListener);
}
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
private LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
LogUtil.e(tag, "onStatusChanged");
}
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
LogUtil.e(tag, "onProviderEnabled");
}
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
LogUtil.e(tag, "onProviderDisabled");
}
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
LogUtil.e(tag, "onLocationChanged");
if (location != null) {
latitude = location.getLatitude() + "";
longitude = location.getLongitude() + "";
LogUtil.e(tag, "经度:" + latitude + "\n" + "纬度:" + longitude);
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LATITUDE, latitude);
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LONGITUDE, longitude);
editor.commit();
thisTime = location.getTime();
LogUtil.e(tag, "thisTime = " + thisTime);
LogUtil.e(tag, "lastTime = " + lastTime);
LogUtil.e(tag, "thisTime - lastTime = " + (thisTime - lastTime));
if (thisTime - lastTime > intervalTime || locality.equals(" ") || country.equals(" ")) {
lastTime = thisTime;
editor.putLong(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_UPDATE_LAST_TIME, thisTime);
editor.commit();
if (isAnalyzeJson) {
} else {
analyzeJson();
}
}
}
}
};
private void analyzeJson() {
isAnalyzeJson = true;
LogUtil.e(tag, "analyzeJson()");
String urlString = String.format(iNFOMATION_URL, Double.valueOf(latitude), Double.valueOf(longitude));
parseJsonString(getJsonStringFromUrl(urlString));
for (int i = 0; i < loactions.size(); i++) {
ArrayList<String> typesList = loactions.get(i).typesList;
int typesListSize = typesList.size();
for (int j = 0; j < typesListSize; j++) {
if (typesList.get(j).equals("country")) {
hasCountry = true;
country = loactions.get(i).formatted_address;
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_COUNTRY, loactions.get(i).formatted_address);
editor.commit();
}
}
ArrayList<ADDRESS_COMPONENTS> address_components_list = loactions.get(i).address_components_list;
int address_components_list_size = address_components_list.size();
for (int k = 0; k < address_components_list_size; k++) {
ADDRESS_COMPONENTS address_components = address_components_list.get(k);
ArrayList<String> address_components_typesList = address_components.typesList;
int address_components_typesListSize = address_components_typesList.size();
for (int j = 0; j < address_components_typesListSize; j++) {
if (address_components_typesList.get(j).equals("locality")) {
hasLocality = true;
locality = address_components.long_name;
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LOCALITY, address_components.long_name);
editor.commit();
}
if (address_components_typesList.get(j).equals("country")) {
hasCountry = true;
country = address_components.long_name;
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_COUNTRY, address_components.long_name);
editor.commit();
}
}
}
}
if (!hasCountry) {
country = " ";
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_COUNTRY, country);
editor.commit();
}
if (!hasLocality) {
locality = " ";
editor.putString(SharedPreferencesConst.LOCATION_INFORMATION_LOCALITY, locality);
editor.commit();
}
LogUtil.e(tag, "analyzeJson(),locality = " + locality);
LogUtil.e(tag, "analyzeJson(),country = " + country);
isAnalyzeJson = false;
hasCountry = false;
hasLocality = false;
}
private String getJsonStringFromUrl(String url) {
LogUtil.e(tag, "getJsonStringFromUrl(),url = " + url);
StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder().detectDiskReads().detectDiskWrites().detectNetwork().penaltyLog().build());
StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder().detectLeakedSqlLiteObjects().penaltyLog().penaltyDeath().build());
URL cityInfoUrl;
byte[] data = new byte[] {};
try {
cityInfoUrl = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) cityInfoUrl.openConnection();
connection.setReadTimeout(5 * 1000);
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
InputStream inStream = connection.getInputStream();
data = readInputStream(inStream);
return (new String(data));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return (new String(data));
}
private byte[] readInputStream(InputStream inStream) throws Exception {
ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
inStream.close();
return outStream.toByteArray();
}
private void parseJsonString(String jsonString) {
try {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject(jsonString);
JSONArray results = json.getJSONArray("results");
int resultsLength = results.length();
for (int i = 0; i < resultsLength; i++) {
JSONObject results_item = results.getJSONObject(i);
loactions.add(LOCATION.fromJson(results_item));
}
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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