OO基础:抽象、封装、多态、继承
OO原则:封装变化、多用组合,少用继承、针对接口编程,不针对实现编程
策略模式:定义算法族,分别封装起来,让它们之间可以互相替换,此模式让算法的变化独立于使用算法的客户
1、代码结构:
2、飞行package
- package duck.fly;
- /**
- * 鸭子飞行接口
- */
- public interface FlyBehavior {
- public void fly();
- }
- package duck.fly;
- /**
- * 不能飞行的类
- */
- public class FlyNoWay implements FlyBehavior{
- @Override
- public void fly() {
- System.out.println("I can't fly");
- }
- }
- package duck.fly;
- /**
- * 可以飞行的类
- */
- public class FlyWithWings implements FlyBehavior{
- @Override
- public void fly() {
- System.out.println("I'm flying!");
- }
- }
- package duck.fly;
- /**
- * 使用火箭助推器进行飞行
- */
- public class FlyRocketPowered implements FlyBehavior{
- @Override
- public void fly() {
- System.out.println("I'm flying with a rocket");
- }
- }
3、叫声package
- package duck.quack;
- /**
- * 叫的行为接口
- */
- public interface QuackBehavior {
- public void quack();
- }
- package duck.quack;
- /**
- * 嘎嘎叫
- */
- public class Quack implements QuackBehavior{
- @Override
- public void quack() {
- System.out.println("Quack");
- }
- }
- package duck.quack;
- /**
- * 什么都不做,不会叫
- */
- public class MuteQuack implements QuackBehavior{
- @Override
- public void quack() {
- System.out.println("<< Silence >>");
- }
- }
- package duck.quack;
- /**
- * 呱呱叫
- */
- public class Squeak implements QuackBehavior{
- @Override
- public void quack() {
- System.out.println("Squeak");
- }
- }
4、鸭子package
- package duck.duck;
- import duck.fly.FlyBehavior;
- import duck.quack.QuackBehavior;
- /**
- * 鸭子的抽象类
- * 使用组合的方式有时候比使用继承的方式更加好
- */
- public abstract class Duck {
- FlyBehavior flyBehavior;//飞行行为
- QuackBehavior quackBehavior;//叫的行为
- /**
- * 鸭子的外貌
- */
- public abstract void display();
- public void performFly(){
- flyBehavior.fly();
- }
- public void performQuack(){
- quackBehavior.quack();
- }
- public void swim(){
- System.out.println("All ducks float, even decoys");
- }
- public void setFlyBehavior(FlyBehavior flyBehavior) {
- this.flyBehavior = flyBehavior;
- }
- public void setQuackBehavior(QuackBehavior quackBehavior) {
- this.quackBehavior = quackBehavior;
- }
- }
- package duck.duck;
- import duck.fly.FlyWithWings;
- import duck.quack.Quack;
- /**
- * 野鸭子
- */
- public class MallardDuck extends Duck{
- public MallardDuck(){
- quackBehavior = new Quack();
- flyBehavior = new FlyWithWings();
- }
- @Override
- public void display() {
- System.out.println("I'm a real Mallard duck");
- }
- }
- package duck.duck;
- import duck.fly.FlyNoWay;
- import duck.quack.Quack;
- /**
- * 模型鸭
- */
- public class ModelDuck extends Duck{
- public ModelDuck(){
- quackBehavior = new Quack();
- flyBehavior = new FlyNoWay();
- }
- @Override
- public void display() {
- System.out.println("I'm a model duck");
- }
- }
5、测试类
- package duck;
- import duck.duck.Duck;
- import duck.duck.MallardDuck;
- import duck.duck.ModelDuck;
- import duck.fly.FlyRocketPowered;
- /**
- * 测试类
- */
- public class MiniDuckSimulator {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Duck mallard = new MallardDuck();
- mallard.performFly();
- mallard.performQuack();
- System.out.println("------------------");
- Duck model = new ModelDuck();
- model.performFly();
- //让不会飞的模型鸭子使用助推器
- model.setFlyBehavior(new FlyRocketPowered());
- model.performFly();
- }
- /**
- * 运行结果:
- * I'm flying!
- Quack
- ------------------
- I can't fly
- I'm flying with a rocket
- */