备份

使用mksysb命令可以把系统备份到磁带上，精确的说法是mksysb主要用于创建rootvg上已挂接文件系统(mounted file systems)的可引导映像(bootable image)，并可用于系统崩溃时的状态恢复。需要注意的是，这里的可引导映像不包含以下类别：

 

 

 

1、用户定义的页面空间(User-defined paging spaces)

 2、未挂接的文件系统(unmounted file systems)

 3、裸设备(raw devices)

 

 

 

当使用mksysb时，有时需要把一些数据文件系统排除在映像之外,可通过编辑

 /etc/exclude.rootvg文件来实现，比如我要排除/tmp：

 

 

 

# cat /etc/exclude.rootvg

 

 

 

^./tmp/

 

 

 

然后使用-e标志来执行mksysb

 

 

 

# mksysb -e /dev/rmt0

 Creating information file (/image.data) for rootvg.

 Creating tape boot image..............

 bosboot: Boot image is 29316 512 byte blocks.

 Creating list of files to back up.

 Backing up 2679 files.....

 2679 of 2679 files (100%)

 0512-038 mksysb: Backup Completed Successfully.

 bosboot: Boot image is 29316 512 byte blocks.

 

 

 

我这里排除的文件系统如下：

 

 

 

ERPDB1@/home/oracle>cat /etc/exclude.rootvg

 ^./backup_softs/

 ^./orasofts_bak/

 ^./orabak/

 ^./ora_arch/

 

 

 

备份方法：可通过smitty窗口或直接用命令行：

 1，aix下可通过smitty mksysb -> Backup Device or File 选项设置备份目标地址（可选择磁带设备或文件系统），这里也可设置其他参数：

 

 

 

ERPDB1@/home/oracle>smitty mksysb

 

 

 

 

 Back Up the System

 

 

 

Type or select values in entry fields.

 Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

 

 

 

[Entry Fields]

     WARNING:  Execution of the mksysb command will

               result in the loss of all material

               previously stored on the selected

               output medium. This command backs

               up only rootvg volume group.

 

 

 

* Backup DEVICE or FILE                              [/dev/rmt0]

   Create MAP files?                                   no

   EXCLUDE files?                                      no

   List files as they are backed up?                   no

   Verify readability if tape device?                  no

  Generate new /image.data file?                      yes

   EXPAND /tmp if needed?                              no

   Disable software packing of backup?                 no

   Backup extended attributes?                         yes

   Number of BLOCKS to write in a single output       [] 

      (Leave blank to use a system default)

 

 

 

注意这里的EXCLUDE files?要设置为yes才能使上面的/etc/exclude.rootvg文件指定的排除文件生效。

 

 

 

第二种方式就是直接用命令行了，效果一样：

 

 

 

/usr/bin/mksysb -i  -e /dev/rmt0

 

 

 

要注意的是要选择好备份的时间，因为在备份过程中，应用程序可能会增删一些文件导致备份无法完全成功，这里记录一下碰到过的错误：

 

 

 

Creating information file (/image.data) for rootvg.

 

 

 

Creating tape boot image.......

 bosboot: Boot image is 36911 512 byte blocks.

 

 

 

Creating list of files to back up..

 Backing up 148474 files..............................

 4301 of 148474 files (2%)..............................

 23191 of 148474 files (15%)..............................

 30763 of 148474 files (20%)..............................

 34831 of 148474 files (23%)..............................

 68121 of 148474 files (45%)..............................

 68402 of 148474 files (46%)..............................

 71022 of 148474 files (47%)..............................

 81052 of 148474 files (54%)..............................

 94251 of 148474 files (63%)..............................

 100426 of 148474 files (67%)..............................

 117739 of 148474 files (79%)..............................

 131841 of 148474 files (88%)..............cannot access ./etc/perf/daily/xmwlm.090114: A file or directory in the path name does not

 exist.

 .....

 0512-003 mksysb may not have been able to archive some files.

 The messages displayed on the Standard Error contained additional

 information.

 

 

 

这是因为/etc/perf/daily/ 下的文件只保留7天，可能备到那个文件的时候正好被删除了，所以提示找不到。还碰到过这样的提示：

 

 

 

78871 of 144459 files (54%).........cannot access ./u01/agent10g/sysman/emd/upload/rawdata.dat: A file or directory in the path name

 does not exist.

 cannot access ./u01/agent10g/sysman/emd/upload/mgmt_ha_mttr.dat: A file or directory in the path name does not exist.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

后来查看：

 

 

 

 p5b1@/#ls -l /u01/agent10g/sysman/emd/upload/rawdata.dat

 -rw-r-----   1 oracle   oinstall      29912 Jan 22 08:35 /u01/agent10g/sysman/emd/upload/rawdata.dat

 p5b1@/#ls -l /u01/agent10g/sysman/emd/upload/mgmt_ha_mttr.dat

 ls: 0653-341 The file /u01/agent10g/sysman/emd/upload/mgmt_ha_mttr.dat does not exist.

 

 

 

 

看来有一个文件是存在的，估计是备份的时间之后才生成的。这是oracle的oem相关的动态文件，应该不影响恢复。