【Bash】脚本也可以单步、断点调试吗？

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-17 14:04:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-17 14:04:59 发布

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分类专栏：【微信公众号】文章标签： bash调试 bashdb

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zzh920625/article/details/102412651

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“ 本文演示bash脚本在编写完成后，如何通过“调试”来排查潜在问题。”

本文所有示例，基于此bash脚本 (array.sh) :

#!/bin/bash

echo "=====this creates an array====="
month=("Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov")

# add or change element to/in array
month[11]="Dec"

echo "=====this creats an associative array====="
declare -A color
color[elephant]="black"
echo ${color[elephant]}

echo "=====this prints out the 4th element in the array====="
echo ${month[3]}

echo "=====this iterates over an array====="
echo "this can iterate over integer-index and associative arrays"

for i in "${!month[@]}"
do
  echo "key  : $i"
  echo "value: ${month[$i]}"
done

for i in "${!color[@]}"
do
  echo "key  : $i"
  echo "value: ${color[$i]}"
done

echo "=====print whole array====="
printf "%s\n" "${month[@]}"
printf "%s\n" "${color[@]}"

print "%\n"

01 bash自带调试方案

使用 “bash -x”，执行如下：


//命令
bash -x array.sh

//输出结果如下：
+ echo '=====this creates an array====='
=====this creates an array=====
+ month=("Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov")
+ month[11]=Dec
+ echo '=====this creats an associative array====='
=====this creats an associative array=====
+ declare -A color
+ color[elephant]=black
+ echo black
black
+ echo '=====this prints out the 4th element in the array====='
=====this prints out the 4th element in the array=====
+ echo Apr
Apr
+ echo '=====this iterates over an array====='
=====this iterates over an array=====
+ echo 'this can iterate over integer-index and associative arrays'
this can iterate over integer-index and associative arrays
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 0'
key  : 0
+ echo 'value: Jan'
value: Jan
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 1'
key  : 1
+ echo 'value: Feb'
value: Feb
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 2'
key  : 2
+ echo 'value: Mar'
value: Mar
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 3'
key  : 3
+ echo 'value: Apr'
value: Apr
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 4'
key  : 4
+ echo 'value: May'
value: May
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 5'
key  : 5
+ echo 'value: Jun'
value: Jun
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 6'
key  : 6
+ echo 'value: Jul'
value: Jul
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 7'
key  : 7
+ echo 'value: Aug'
value: Aug
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 8'
key  : 8
+ echo 'value: Sep'
value: Sep
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 9'
key  : 9
+ echo 'value: Oct'
value: Oct
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 10'
key  : 10
+ echo 'value: Nov'
value: Nov
+ for i in "${!month[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : 11'
key  : 11
+ echo 'value: Dec'
value: Dec
+ for i in "${!color[@]}"
+ echo 'key  : elephant'
key  : elephant
+ echo 'value: black'
value: black
+ echo '=====print whole array====='
=====print whole array=====
+ printf '%s\n' Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
+ printf '%s\n' black
black

观察执行结果，开头带有“+”号的行，为原始array.sh脚本中的代码；不带“+”号，则为对应行输出的结果。

适用范围：bash脚本行数较少、逻辑简单时，可用此命令自测。脚本较复杂或有单步调试需求时，推荐下述的工具。