Akka 快速入门

Akka的优点太多，高性能、高可靠、高并发、分布式、可容错、可扩展、事件驱动，不一一叙述。不同版本的API差异很大，本文代码运行在 Scala 2.10.3 和 Akka 2.3.2 之上。

<dependency> <groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId> <artifactId>akka-actor_2.10</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId> <artifactId>scala-library</artifactId> <version>2.10.3</version> </dependency>

定义

定义Actor很简单，继承 akka.actor.Actor ，实现receive方法即可。

class Hello extends Actor { def receive = { case msg: String => println("hello " + msg) case _ => println("unexpected message.") } }

启动

创建Actor实例需要通过 ActorSystem 。

val system = ActorSystem("HelloSystem") val hello = system.actorOf(Props[Hello], name = "hello") val hello1 = system.actorOf(Props[Hello]) val hello2 = system.actorOf(Props(new Hello()))

如果要在 Actor 中继续创建子 Actor，需要使用内置的 ActorContext 对象。

context.actorOf(Props[children], name = "children")

如果要创建远程 Actor，需要通过 actorSelection 方法，原 actorFor 方法不再使用。

context.actorSelection("akka.tcp://HelloRemoteSystem@127.0.0.1:5150/user/RemoteActor")

发消息

巨简单，就是一个!，可以发送任意类型的消息，此消息是异步的。

hello ! "bruce" hello ! 10086

同步消息的发送需要使用 Future 对象。

implicit val timeout = Timeout(5 seconds) val future = hello ? "sha" val result = Await.result(future, timeout.duration).asInstanceOf[String]

停止

有两种方式停止一个Actor。

一种是通过内部 ActorContext.stop() 方法，该方法会将 children actor 逐层杀掉后，再自刎。

def receive = { case "stop" => context.stop(self) ... }

另一种是外部喂毒药，通过 ActorRef.tell() 方法实现。后一个参数是向谁reply，这里显然不需要，传空。

hello.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance, ActorRef.noSender);

哼哈示例

哼哈二将本是两位佛寺的门神俗称，是执金刚神的一种。明代小说《封神演义》作者陈仲琳据此附会两员神将，形象威武凶猛。一名郑伦，能鼻哼白气制敌；一名陈奇，能口哈黄气擒将。

object HengHa extends App { val system = ActorSystem("HengHaSystem") val ha = system.actorOf(Props[Ha], name = "ha") val heng = system.actorOf(Props(new Heng(ha)), name = "heng") heng ! "start" }

class Heng(ha: ActorRef) extends Actor { def receive = { case "start" => ha ! "heng" case "ha" => println("哈") ha ! "heng" case _ => println("heng what?") } }

class Ha extends Actor { def receive = { case "heng" => println("哼") sender ! "ha" case _ => println("ha what?") } }

Run 起来，结果：

哼 哈 哼 哈 哼 ...

远程示例

local工程

application.conf

akka { loglevel = "DEBUG" actor { provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider" } remote { enabled-transports = ["akka.remote.netty.tcp"] netty.tcp { hostname = "127.0.0.1" port = 5155 } } }

object Local extends App { val system = ActorSystem("LocalSystem") val localActor = system.actorOf(Props[LocalActor], name = "LocalActor") // the local actor localActor ! "START" // start the action }

class LocalActor extends Actor { // create the remote actor val remote = context.actorSelection("akka.tcp://HelloRemoteSystem@127.0.0.1:5150/user/RemoteActor") var counter = 0 def receive = { case "START" => remote ! "Hello from the LocalActor" case msg: String => println(s"LocalActor received message: '$msg'") if (counter < 5) { sender ! "Hello back to you" counter += 1 } } }

remote工程

application.conf

akka { loglevel = "DEBUG" actor { provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider" } remote { enabled-transports = ["akka.remote.netty.tcp"] netty.tcp { hostname = "127.0.0.1" port = 5150 } } }

object HelloRemote extends App { val system = ActorSystem("HelloRemoteSystem") val remoteActor = system.actorOf(Props[RemoteActor], name = "RemoteActor") remoteActor ! "The RemoteActor is alive" }

class RemoteActor extends Actor { def receive = { case msg: String => println(s"RemoteActor received message '$msg'") sender ! "Hello from the RemoteActor" } }

原文链接：http://ibruce.info/2014/05/20/hello-akka/