Spring Boot读取properties配置文件中的数据

Java EE 目录:https://blog.csdn.net/dkbnull/article/details/87932809

Spring Boot 专栏:https://blog.csdn.net/dkbnull/category_9278145.html

Spring Cloud 专栏:https://blog.csdn.net/dkbnull/category_9287932.html

 

 

Spring Boot最常用的3种读取properties配置文件中数据的方法:

1、使用@Value注解读取

读取properties配置文件时,默认读取的是application.properties。

application.properties:

demo.name=Name
demo.age=18

Java代码:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@RestControllerpublic
class GatewayController {
    //1、使用@Value注解读取
    @Value("${demo.name}")
    private String name;
    @Value("${demo.age}")
    private String age;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
    public String gateway() {
        return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                " name=" + name + " , age=" + age;
    }
}

运行结果如下:

这里,如果要把

 @Value("${demo.name}")
            
private String name;
            
@Value("${demo.age}")
            
private String age;

部分放到一个单独的类A中进行读取,然后在类B中调用,则要把类A增加@Component注解,并在类B中使用@Autowired自动装配类A,代码如下。

类A:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class ConfigBeanValue {
 
    @Value("${demo.name}")
    public String name;
 
    @Value("${demo.age}")
    public String age;
}

类B:

import cn.wbnull.springbootdemo.config.ConfigBeanValue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
public class GatewayController {
 
    @Autowired
    private ConfigBeanValue configBeanValue;
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
    public String gateway() {
        return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                //1、使用@Value注解读取
                " name=" + configBeanValue.name +
                " , age=" + configBeanValue.age;
    }
}

运行结果如下:

注意:如果@Value${}所包含的键名在application.properties配置文件中不存在的话,会抛出异常:

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'configBeanValue': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not resolve placeholder 'demo.name' in value "${demo.name}"

 

2、使用Environment读取

application.properties:

demo.sex=男
demo.address=山东

Java代码:

import cn.wbnull.springbootdemo.config.ConfigBeanValue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
public class GatewayController {
 
    @Autowired
    private ConfigBeanValue configBeanValue;
 
    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
    public String gateway() {
        return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                //1、使用@Value注解读取
                " name=" + configBeanValue.name +
                " , age=" + configBeanValue.age +
                "<p>get properties value by ''Environment'' :" +
                //2、使用Environment读取
                " , sex=" + environment.getProperty("demo.sex") +
                " , address=" + environment.getProperty("demo.address");
    }
}


运行,发现中文乱码:

这里,我们在application.properties做如下配置:

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8spring.http.encoding.enabled=truespring.http.encoding.force=truespring.messages.encoding=UTF-8

然后修改IntelliJ IDEA,File --> Settings --> Editor --> File Encodings ,将最下方Default encoding for properties files设置为UTF-8,并勾选Transparent native-to-ascii conversion。

重新运行结果如下:

 

3、使用@ConfigurationProperties注解读取

在实际项目中,当项目需要注入的变量值很多时,上述所述的两种方法工作量会变得比较大,这时候我们通常使用基于类型安全的配置方式,将properties属性和一个Bean关联在一起,即使用注解@ConfigurationProperties读取配置文件数据。

在src\main\resources下新建config.properties配置文件:

demo.phone=10086
demo.wife=self
#jwt
jwt:
  header: Authorization
  # 令牌前缀
  token-start-with: Bearer
  # 必须使用最少88位的Base64对该令牌进行编码
  base64-secret: ZmQ0ZGI5NjQ0MDQwY2I4MjMxY2Y3ZmI3MjdhN2ZmMjNhODViOTg1ZGE0NTBjMGM4NDA5NzYxMjdjOWMwYWRmZTBlZjlhNGY3ZTg4Y2U3YTE1ODVkZDU5Y2Y3OGYwZWE1NzUzNWQ2YjFjZDc0NGMxZWU2MmQ3MjY1NzJmNTE0MzI=
  # 令牌过期时间 此处单位/毫秒 ,默认4小时,可在此网站生成 https://www.convertworld.com/zh-hans/time/milliseconds.html
  token-validity-in-seconds: 14400000
  # 在线用户key
  online-key: online-token
  # 验证码
  code-key: code-key
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jwt")
public class SecurityProperties {

    /** Request Headers : Authorization */
    private String header;

    /** 令牌前缀,最后留个空格 Bearer */
    private String tokenStartWith;

    /** 必须使用最少88位的Base64对该令牌进行编码 */
    private String base64Secret;

    /** 令牌过期时间 此处单位/毫秒 */
    private Long tokenValidityInSeconds;

    /** 在线用户 key,根据 key 查询 redis 中在线用户的数据 */
    private String onlineKey;

    /** 验证码 key */
    private String codeKey;

    public String getTokenStartWith() {
        return tokenStartWith + " ";
    }
}

创建ConfigBeanProp并注入config.properties中的值:

import cn.wbnull.springbootdemo.config.ConfigBeanValue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
public class GatewayController {
 
    @Autowired
    private ConfigBeanValue configBeanValue;
 
    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
    public String gateway() {
        return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                //1、使用@Value注解读取
                " name=" + configBeanValue.name +
                " , age=" + configBeanValue.age +
                "<p>get properties value by ''Environment'' :" +
                //2、使用Environment读取
                " , sex=" + environment.getProperty("demo.sex") +
                " , address=" + environment.getProperty("demo.address");
    }
}

@Component 表示将该类标识为Bean

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "demo")用于绑定属性,其中prefix表示所绑定的属性的前缀。

@PropertySource(value = "config.properties")表示配置文件路径。

 

使用时,先使用@Autowired自动装载ConfigBeanProp,然后再进行取值,示例如下:

import cn.wbnull.springbootdemo.config.ConfigBeanValue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@RestController
public class GatewayController {
 
    @Autowired
    private ConfigBeanValue configBeanValue;
 
    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/gateway")
    public String gateway() {
        return "get properties value by ''@Value'' :" +
                //1、使用@Value注解读取
                " name=" + configBeanValue.name +
                " , age=" + configBeanValue.age +
                "<p>get properties value by ''Environment'' :" +
                //2、使用Environment读取
                " , sex=" + environment.getProperty("demo.sex") +
                " , address=" + environment.getProperty("demo.address");
    }
}

运行结果如下:

 

 

GitHub:https://github.com/dkbnull/SpringBootDemo

微信:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/swtkNq6CLMsP4uc4PgaVHg

微博:https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404275977214638710

 

 


---------------------
作者:dkbnull
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/dkbnull/article/details/81953190?depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task&utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task
版权声明:本文为作者原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!
内容解析By:CSDN,CNBLOG博客文章一键转载插件

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