Android Service

    本期讲的是个人对于Service的浅显的见解。主要就是简单的给大家讲一下怎么用Service。

Service是Android的四大组件之一，在app应用中也是比较频繁。简单的说Activity是可以显示给用户看的。Service是不给用户看但是他俩没有本质上区别的。而且他们两个是在一个线程中的。请看下面示例：

         在MainActivity的onCreate中执行Log可以看到线程序号

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    Log.e("---------------------", "MainActivity thread id is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}

在Service的onCreate中写

@Override
public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
    Log.e("----------------", "MyService thread id is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}

执行结果是

androidservicetest E/---------------------: MainActivity thread id is 1
androidservicetest E/----------------: MyService thread id is 1

MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    Intent intent;
    SecondSrevice.MyBinder myBinder;
    ServiceConnection conn=new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            myBinder= (SecondSrevice.MyBinder) service;
            myBinder.startrun();
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        }
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Log.e("---------------------", "MainActivity thread id is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    }
    public void oneopenservice(View view){
        intent=new Intent(this, FirstService.class);
        startService(intent);
    }
    public void onecloseservice(View view){
        intent=new Intent(this, FirstService.class);
        stopService(intent);
    }
    public void oneopenservicetop(View view){
        intent=new Intent(this, TopService.class);
        startService(intent);
    }
    public void onecloseservicetop(View view){
        intent=new Intent(this, TopService.class);
        stopService(intent);
    }
    public void twoopenservice(View view){
        intent=new Intent(this, SecondSrevice.class);
        bindService(intent,conn,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }
    public void twocloseservice(View view){
        unbindService(conn);
    }
    public void openintentservice(View view){
        startService(new Intent(this, MyIntentService.class));
    }
}

FirstService

public class FirstService extends Service{
    private Timer timer;
    private TimerTask timerTask;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.e("----------------", "MyService thread id is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        if(timer!=null&&timerTask!=null){
            timer.cancel();
            timerTask.cancel();
            timer=null;
            timerTask=null;
        }
        timer=new Timer();
        timerTask=new DoTimeTask();
        long period=1000*5;
        Calendar calendar=Calendar.getInstance();
        Date firsttime=calendar.getTime();
        timer.schedule(timerTask,firsttime,period);
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if(timer!=null&&timerTask!=null){
            timer.cancel();
            timerTask.cancel();
            timer=null;
            timerTask=null;
        }
    }
}

SecondServcie

public class SecondSrevice extends Service{
    private Timer timer;
    private TimerTask timerTask;
    private MyBinder myBinder=new MyBinder();
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return myBinder;
    }
    public class MyBinder extends Binder{
        public void startrun(){
            if (timer!=null&&timerTask!=null) {
                timer.cancel();
                timerTask.cancel();
                timer=null;
                timerTask=null;
            }
            timer=new Timer();
            timerTask=new DoTimeTask();
            Calendar calendar=Calendar.getInstance();
            Date firsttime=calendar.getTime();
            long period=1000*5;
            timer.schedule(timerTask,firsttime,period);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if(timer!=null&&timerTask!=null){
            timer.cancel();
            timerTask.cancel();
            timer=null;
            timerTask=null;
        }
    }
}

TopService

public class TopService extends Service {
    private static final int NOTIFY_ID=123;
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        showNotification();
    }
    public void showNotification(){
        NotificationCompat.Builder builder=new NotificationCompat.Builder(this).setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                .setContentTitle("今天").setContentText("天气很好");
        Intent resultintent=new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);

        TaskStackBuilder stackBuilder=TaskStackBuilder.create(this);
        stackBuilder.addParentStack(MainActivity.class);
        stackBuilder.addNextIntent(resultintent);
        PendingIntent resultRending=stackBuilder.getPendingIntent(0,PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);
        builder.setContentIntent(resultRending);
        NotificationManager notificationManager= (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        Notification notification=builder.build();
        notificationManager.notify(NOTIFY_ID,notification);
        startForeground(NOTIFY_ID,notification);
    }
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }
}

MyIntentService

public class MyIntentService extends IntentService{
    public MyIntentService() {
        super("MyIntentService");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        DateFormat format= DateFormat.getTimeInstance();
        Log.e("test", "onHandleIntent开始:" + format.format(new Date()));
        try{
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        }catch (InterruptedException e){

        }
        Log.e("test", "onHandleIntent完成:" + format.format(new Date()));
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.e("intentservice","onDestory");
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

SecondActivity

public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.second_activity);
    }
}

activity_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            android:background="@drawable/shape_selector_btn"
            android:textColor="@drawable/button_font_style"
            android:onClick="oneopenservice"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="第一种启动服务模式"/>
        <Button
            android:background="@drawable/shape_selector_btn"
            android:textColor="@drawable/button_font_style"
            android:onClick="onecloseservice"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="第一种关闭服务模式"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            android:background="@drawable/shape_selector_btn"
            android:textColor="@drawable/button_font_style"
            android:onClick="oneopenservicetop"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="First启动服务模式之top"/>
        <Button
            android:background="@drawable/shape_selector_btn"
            android:textColor="@drawable/button_font_style"
            android:onClick="onecloseservicetop"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="First关闭服务模式之top"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            android:background="@drawable/shape_selector_btn"
            android:textColor="@drawable/button_font_style"
            android:onClick="twoopenservice"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="第二种启动服务模式"/>
        <Button
            android:background="@drawable/shape_selector_btn"
            android:textColor="@drawable/button_font_style"
            android:onClick="twocloseservice"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="第二种关闭服务模式"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    <Button
        android:background="@drawable/shape_selector_btn"
        android:textColor="@drawable/button_font_style"
        android:onClick="openintentservice"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="启动IntentService"/>
</LinearLayout>

second_activity

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="天气不错"/>
</LinearLayout>

别忘了新建的Service要在配置文件中进行配置

<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
    </intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".SecondActivity"/>
<service android:name=".service.FirstService"/>
<service android:name=".service.SecondSrevice"/>
<service android:name=".service.TopService"/>
<service android:name=".service.MyIntentService"/>

第一种启动关闭方式是最常见的。一遍结合BroadCast使用进行跟activity的数据交互。第二种方式不常用，也是可以直接进行数据交互的。IntentService讲用户请求执行在一个子线程中用户只要通过复写onHandleIntent函数，并且在该函数中完成自己的耗时操作即可。在任务结束后，IntentService回调用stopself自我销毁。因此他比较适合一些短时的操作。TopService是运行在前台的srevice还可以实现点击功能。

下节将讲解两个app之间通过Service访问进程,即AIDL。

项目下载地址

https://github.com/Maliola/AndroidServiceTest

点击打开链接