Java对XML文件的增删改查

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: 'Microsoft Yahei', 微软雅黑, Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, STHeiti; font-size: 14.44444465637207px;"></span><pre name="code" class="html"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<books>
    <book>
        <name>哈里波特</name>
        <price>10</price>
        <memo>这是一本很好看的书。</memo>
    </book>
    <book id="B02">
        <name>三国演义</name>
        <price>10</price>
        <memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
    </book>
    <book id="B03">
        <name>水浒</name>
        <price>6</price>
        <memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
    </book>
    <book id="B04">
        <name>红楼</name>
        <price>5</price>
        <memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
    </book>
</books>

      增删改查 Test.java

import java.io.File;
    
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
import javax.xml.xpath.*;
    
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        Element theBook = null, theElem = null, root = null;
        try {
            factory.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
    
            DocumentBuilder db = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document xmldoc = (Document) db.parse(new File("Test.xml"));
            root = xmldoc.getDocumentElement();
    
            // --- 新建一本书开始 ----
            theBook = xmldoc.createElement("book");
            theElem = xmldoc.createElement("name");
            theElem.setTextContent("新书");
            theBook.appendChild(theElem);
    
            theElem = xmldoc.createElement("price");
            theElem.setTextContent("20");
            theBook.appendChild(theElem);
    
            theElem = xmldoc.createElement("memo");
            theElem.setTextContent("新书的更好看。");
            theBook.appendChild(theElem);
            root.appendChild(theBook);
            System.out.println("--- 新建一本书开始 ----");
            output(xmldoc);
            // --- 新建一本书完成 ----
    
            // --- 下面对《哈里波特》做一些修改。 ----
            // --- 查询找《哈里波特》----
            theBook = (Element) selectSingleNode("/books/book[name='哈里波特']",
                    root);
            System.out.println("--- 查询找《哈里波特》 ----");
            output(theBook);
            // --- 此时修改这本书的价格 -----
            theBook.getElementsByTagName("price").item(0).setTextContent("15");// getElementsByTagName返回的是NodeList，所以要跟上item(0)。另外，getElementsByTagName("price")相当于xpath的".//price"。
            System.out.println("--- 此时修改这本书的价格 ----");
            output(theBook);
            // --- 另外还想加一个属性id，值为B01 ----
            theBook.setAttribute("id", "B01");
            System.out.println("--- 另外还想加一个属性id，值为B01 ----");
            output(theBook);
            // --- 对《哈里波特》修改完成。 ----
    
            // --- 要用id属性删除《三国演义》这本书 ----
            theBook = (Element) selectSingleNode("/books/book[@id='B02']", root);
            System.out.println("--- 要用id属性删除《三国演义》这本书 ----");
            output(theBook);
            theBook.getParentNode().removeChild(theBook);
            System.out.println("--- 删除后的ＸＭＬ ----");
            output(xmldoc);
    
            // --- 再将所有价格低于10的书删除 ----
            NodeList someBooks = selectNodes("/books/book[price<10]", root);
            System.out.println("--- 再将所有价格低于10的书删除 ---");
            System.out.println("--- 符合条件的书有　" + someBooks.getLength()
                    + "本。 ---");
            for (int i = 0; i < someBooks.getLength(); i++) {
                someBooks.item(i).getParentNode().removeChild(someBooks.item(i));
            }
            output(xmldoc);
            saveXml("Test1_Edited.xml", xmldoc);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 将node的XML字符串输出到控制台
     * 
     * @param node
     */
    public static void output(Node node) {
        TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
            transformer.setOutputProperty("encoding", "gb2312");
            transformer.setOutputProperty("indent", "yes");
    
            DOMSource source = new DOMSource();
            source.setNode(node);
            StreamResult result = new StreamResult();
            result.setOutputStream(System.out);
    
            transformer.transform(source, result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 查找节点，并返回第一个符合条件节点
     * 
     * @param express
     * @param source
     * @return
     */
    public static Node selectSingleNode(String express, Object source) {
        Node result = null;
        XPathFactory xpathFactory = XPathFactory.newInstance();
        XPath xpath = xpathFactory.newXPath();
        try {
            result = (Node) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODE);
        } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }
    
    /**
     * 查找节点，返回符合条件的节点集。
     * @param express
     * @param source
     * @return
     */
    public static NodeList selectNodes(String express, Object source) {
        NodeList result = null;
        XPathFactory xpathFactory = XPathFactory.newInstance();
        XPath xpath = xpathFactory.newXPath();
        try {
            result = (NodeList) xpath.evaluate(express, source,
                    XPathConstants.NODESET);
        } catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    
        return result;
    }
    
    /**
     * 将Document输出到文件
     * @param fileName
     * @param doc
     */
    public static void saveXml(String fileName, Document doc) {
        TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
            transformer.setOutputProperty("indent", "yes");
            DOMSource source = new DOMSource();
            source.setNode(doc);
            StreamResult result = new StreamResult();
            result.setOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
            transformer.transform(source, result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}