1.5-替换字符串中的空格为%20

Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with ‘%20’.

先计算空格数量，然后malloc新的字符串，新的长度为len+2*spacesNum;

然后再遍历一遍即可。

char* replaceSpaces(char* str)
{
    char *p = str;
    int len=0,spaceNum=0;
    while(*p)
    {
        len++;
        if(*p==' ')
          spaceNum++;
        p++;
    }
    int newLen = len + spaceNum*2;
    char  newIndex=0;
    char* newStr=(char*)malloc((len+2*spaceNum+1)*sizeof(char));
    for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
    {
        if(str[i]==' ')
        {
            newStr[newIndex++]='%';
            newStr[newIndex++]='2';
            newStr[newIndex++]='0';
        }
        else
         newStr[newIndex++]=str[i];
    }
    newStr[newIndex]='\0';
    return newStr;
}
int main()
{
    char s1[]="   ";
    char s2[]="a  bc    d e";
    char s3[]="  a   bcd ";
    cout << replaceSpaces(s1) << endl;
    cout << replaceSpaces(s2) << endl;
    cout << replaceSpaces(s3) << endl;
    return 0;
}