uvalive 4730(并查集+区间修改单点查询)

题意：有n个城市，编号从0到n-1，给出了这n个城市的坐标，初始没有道路连通，然后有m个指令，road A B：在城市A和城市B之间连接一条双向道路，保证这条道路不和其他道路在非端点处相交。line C：询问y = C的水平线和多少个州(连通的城市成为一个州)相交，以及这些州一共包含多少座城市，C小数部分保证为0.5，
题解：因为州是连通的城市，所以要用并查集得到连通分量，两棵线段树分别记录对应纵坐标区间内的州的数量和城市的数量，用两个数组分别记录每个连通分量的纵坐标上下界，每次有道路加入时都要更新，区间修改用模拟分类讨论。注意C是小数，为了查询对应区间，在区间修改和查询时分别把下界加1和C向上取整。

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int N = 100005;
int n, m, sum1[N << 2], sum2[N << 2], addv1[N << 2], addv2[N << 2];
int pa[N], num[N], up[N], down[N];
char str[10];

int get_parent(int x) {
    return pa[x] == x ? x : pa[x] = get_parent(pa[x]);
}

void pushup(int k) {
    sum1[k] = sum1[k * 2] + sum1[k * 2 + 1];
    sum2[k] = sum2[k * 2] + sum2[k * 2 + 1];
}

void pushdown(int k) {
    if (addv1[k]) {
        addv1[k * 2] += addv1[k];
        sum1[k * 2] += addv1[k];
        addv1[k * 2 + 1] += addv1[k];
        sum1[k * 2 + 1] += addv1[k];
        addv1[k] = 0;
    }
    if (addv2[k]) {
        addv2[k * 2] += addv2[k];
        sum2[k * 2] += addv2[k];
        addv2[k * 2 + 1] += addv2[k];
        sum2[k * 2 + 1] += addv2[k];
        addv2[k] = 0;
    }
}

void modify(int k, int left, int right, int l1, int r1, int x, int flag) {
    if (l1 > r1)
        return;
    if (l1 <= left && right <= r1) {
        if (!flag) {
            addv1[k] += x;
            sum1[k] += x;
        }
        else {
            addv2[k] += x;
            sum2[k] += x;
        }
        return;
    }
    pushdown(k);
    int mid = (left + right) / 2;
    if (l1 <= mid)
        modify(k * 2, left, mid, l1, r1, x, flag); 
    if (r1 > mid)
        modify(k * 2 + 1, mid + 1, right, l1, r1, x, flag);
    pushup(k);
}

int query(int k, int left, int right, int c) {
    if (left == right)
        return k;
    pushdown(k);
    int mid = (left + right) / 2;
    if (c <= mid)
        return query(k * 2, left, mid, c);
    else
        pushup(k);
    if (c > mid)
        return query(k * 2 + 1, mid + 1, right, c);
    else
        pushup(k);
}

int main() {
    int t;
    scanf("%d", &t);
    while (t--) {
        scanf("%d", &n);
        memset(sum1, 0, sizeof(sum1));
        memset(sum2, 0, sizeof(sum2));
        memset(addv1, 0, sizeof(addv1));
        memset(addv2, 0, sizeof(addv2));
        int temp1, temp2, maxy = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            scanf("%d%d", &temp1, &temp2);
            pa[i] = i;
            num[i] = 1;
            up[i] = down[i] = temp2;
            maxy = max(maxy, temp2);
        }
        maxy++;
        scanf("%d", &m);
        int x, y;
        double c;
        while (m--) {
            scanf("%s", str);
            if (str[0] == 'r') {
                scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
                int px = get_parent(x);
                int py = get_parent(y);
                if (px != py) {
                    if (up[px] > up[py])
                        swap(px, py);
                    if (down[py] > up[px]) {
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, up[px] + 1, down[py], 1, 0);
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, up[px] + 1, down[py], num[px] + num[py], 1);
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, down[px] + 1, up[px], num[py], 1);
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, down[py] + 1, up[py], num[px], 1);
                    }
                    else if (down[px] > down[py]) {
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, down[px] + 1, up[px], -1, 0);
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, down[py] + 1, down[px], num[px], 1);
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, up[px] + 1, up[py], num[px], 1);
                    }
                    else {
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, down[py] + 1, up[px], -1, 0);
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, down[px] + 1, down[py], num[py], 1);
                        modify(1, 1, maxy, up[px] + 1, up[py], num[px], 1);
                    }
                    pa[px] = py;
                    num[py] += num[px];
                    down[py] = min(down[py], down[px]);
                    up[py] = max(up[py], up[px]);
                }
            }
            else {
                scanf("%lf", &c);
                int k = query(1, 1, maxy, (int)(c + 1));
                printf("%d %d\n", sum1[k], sum2[k]);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}