读写锁实际是一种特殊的自旋锁,它把对共享资源的访问者划分成读者和写者,读者只对共享资源进行读访问,写者则需要对共享资源进行写操作。这种锁相对于自旋锁而言,能提高并发性,因为在多处理器系统中,它允许同时有多个读者来访问共享资源,最大可能的读者数为实际的逻辑CPU数。写者是排他性的,一个读写锁同时只能有一个写者或多个读者(与CPU数相关),但不能同时既有读者又有写者。
现在Win32的API,用C++实现自己的读写锁。这组API包括:CreateMutex,CreateEvent,WaitForSingleObject,WaitForMultipleObjects,ResetEvent,ReleaseMutex,SetEvent,CloseHandle。以下代码在VS2005下,已经编译通过。
RWLockImpl.h
01.#ifndef _RWLockImpl_Header
02.#define _RWLockImpl_Header
03.
04.#include
05.#include
06.#include
07.#include
08.
09.using namespace std;
10.
11./*
12. 读写锁允许当前的多个读用户访问保护资源,但只允许一个写读者访问保护资源
13.*/
14.
15.//-----------------------------------------------------------------
16.class CRWLockImpl
17.{
18.protected:
19. CRWLockImpl();
20. ~CRWLockImpl();
21. void ReadLockImpl();
22. bool TryReadLockImpl();
23. void WriteLockImpl();
24. bool TryWriteLockImpl();
25. void UnlockImpl();
26.
27.private:
28. void AddWriter();
29. void RemoveWriter();
30. DWORD TryReadLockOnce();
31.
32. HANDLE m_mutex;
33. HANDLE m_readEvent;
34. HANDLE m_writeEvent;
35. unsigned m_readers;
36. unsigned m_writersWaiting;
37. unsigned m_writers;
38.};
39.
40.//-----------------------------------------------------------------
41.
42.class CMyRWLock: private CRWLockImpl
43.{
44.public:
45.
46. //创建读/写锁
47. CMyRWLock(){};
48.
49. //销毁读/写锁
50. ~CMyRWLock(){};
51.
52. //获取读锁
53. //如果其它一个线程占有写锁,则当前线程必须等待写锁被释放,才能对保护资源进行访问
54. void ReadLock();
55.
56. //尝试获取一个读锁
57. //如果获取成功,则立即返回true,否则当另一个线程占有写锁,则返回false
58. bool TryReadLock();
59.
60. //获取写锁
61. //如果一个或更多线程占有读锁,则必须等待所有锁被释放
62. //如果相同的一个线程已经占有一个读锁或写锁,则返回结果不确定
63. void WriteLock();
64.
65. //尝试获取一个写锁
66. //如果获取成功,则立即返回true,否则当一个或更多其它线程占有读锁,返回false
67. //如果相同的一个线程已经占有一个读锁或写锁,则返回结果不确定
68. bool TryWriteLock();
69.
70. //释放一个读锁或写锁
71. void Unlock();
72.
73.private:
74. CMyRWLock(const CMyRWLock&);
75. CMyRWLock& operator = (const CMyRWLock&);
76.};
77.
78.inline void CMyRWLock::ReadLock()
79.{
80. ReadLockImpl();
81.}
82.
83.inline bool CMyRWLock::TryReadLock()
84.{
85. return TryReadLockImpl();
86.}
87.
88.inline void CMyRWLock::WriteLock()
89.{
90. WriteLockImpl();
91.}
92.
93.inline bool CMyRWLock::TryWriteLock()
94.{
95. return TryWriteLockImpl();
96.}
97.
98.inline void CMyRWLock::Unlock()
99.{
100. UnlockImpl();
101.}
102.
103.
104.#endif
RWLockImpl.cpp
01.#include "RWLockImpl.h"
02.
03.CRWLockImpl::CRWLockImpl(): m_readers(0), m_writersWaiting(0), m_writers(0)
04.{
05. m_mutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
06. if (m_mutex == NULL)
07. cout<<"cannot create reader/writer lock"<<endl;
08.
09. m_readEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, TRUE, NULL);
10. if (m_readEvent == NULL)
11. cout<<"cannot create reader/writer lock"<<endl;
12.
13. m_writeEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, TRUE, NULL);
14. if (m_writeEvent == NULL)
15. cout<<"cannot create reader/writer lock"<<endl;