- 版本信息:
- u-boot-2010-06
由顶层Makefile文件,梳理U-Boot的编译流程。
小技巧:
在大型Makefile中,很多时候需要确定某个变量的值,一个小方法就是:
- $(shell echo "VARIABLE0_VAL = $(VARIABLE0_VAL)" > v_file.txt )
- $(shell echo "VARIABLE1_VAL = $(VARIABLE1_VAL)" >> v_file.txt )
1、首先,确定make过程中需要的变量(Makefile的注视符改为/* */)。
- VERSION = 2010
- PATCHLEVEL = 06
- SUBLEVEL =
- EXTRAVERSION =
- ifneq "$(SUBLEVEL)" ""
- U_BOOT_VERSION = $(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL).$(SUBLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)
- else
- /* U_BOOT_VERSION = 2010.06 */
- U_BOOT_VERSION = $(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)
- endif
- /* obj变量为空 */
- TIMESTAMP_FILE = $(obj)include/timestamp_autogenerated.h
- VERSION_FILE = $(obj)include/version_autogenerated.h
- /* HOSTARCH:获取主机的硬件架构
- * "sed -e"表示后面跟的是命令脚本,"s/xxx/yyy/"表示从打印信息中查找"xxx"然后替换为"yyy","."为通配符。
- * uname -m获取主机架构信息的命令
- * 执行流程:
- * uname -m结果为"i686",符合"s/i.86/i386/"命令脚本,"i686"被替换为"i386"
- * 最终结果:HOSTARCH = i386
- */
- HOSTARCH := $(shell uname -m | \
- sed -e s/i.86/i386/ \
- -e s/sun4u/sparc64/ \
- -e s/arm.*/arm/ \
- -e s/sa110/arm/ \
- -e s/ppc64/powerpc/ \
- -e s/ppc/powerpc/ \
- -e s/macppc/powerpc/)
- /* -s, print the kernel name
- * [:upper:], all upper case letters
- * [:lower:], all lower case letters
- * 执行流程:
- * uname -s得到内核名"Linux",tr把字串的大写转换成小写
- * 最终结果:HOSTOS = linux
- */
- HOSTOS := $(shell uname -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | \
- sed -e 's/ cygwin .*/cygwin/')
- /* Set shell to bash if possible, otherwise fall back to sh
- * 最终结果:SHELL = /bin/bash
- */
- SHELL := $(shell if [ -x "$$BASH" ]; then echo $$BASH; \
- else if [ -x /bin/bash ]; then echo /bin/bash; \
- else echo sh; fi; fi)
- /* HOSTARCH HOSTOS SHELL 是编译u-boot的主机的信息 */
- export HOSTARCH HOSTOS SHELL
- /* Deal with colliding definitions from tcsh etc. */
- VENDOR=
- /* Allow for silent builds */
- ifeq (,$(findstring s,$(MAKEFLAGS)))
- XECHO = echo
- else
- XECHO = :
- endif
- /* U-boot支持在其他目录编译处理目标文件,这样可以保持源代码洁净
- * 指定目录的方式有2种:
- * 1) 执行make命令时附加"-O dir"项 --'make O=/tmp/build all'
- * 2) 设置环境变量BUILD_DIR --'export BUILD_DIR=/tmp/build'; 'make'
- */
- ifdef O
- /* origin函数的作用是告知某个变量来自与那里,它并不改变变量。
- * origin函数有如下几种情况
- * 1) 若从未定义过变量O,$(origin O)返回'undefined'
- * 2) 若变量O为环境变量,$(origin O)返回'environment'
- * 3) 若变量O为默认定义,$(origin O)返回'default'
- * 4) 若变量O定义在Makefile中,$(origin O)返回'file'
- * 5) 若变量O来自命令行,$(origin O)返回'command line'
- * 6) 若变量O被重新定义过,$(origin O)返回'override'
- * 7) 若变量O是自动变量,如"$@""$<"等,$(origin O)返回'automatic'
- */
- ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line")
- BUILD_DIR := $(O)
- endif
- endif
- /* 若BUILD_DIR不为空,赋值给变量saved-output */
- ifneq ($(BUILD_DIR),)
- saved-output := $(BUILD_DIR)
- /* Attempt to create a output directory.
- * -d FILE:FILE exists and is a directory
- */
- $(shell [ -d ${BUILD_DIR} ] || mkdir -p ${BUILD_DIR})
- /* Verify if it was successful. */
- BUILD_DIR := $(shell cd $(BUILD_DIR) && /bin/pwd)
- $(if $(BUILD_DIR),,$(error output directory "$(saved-output)" does not exist))
- endif # ifneq ($(BUILD_DIR),)
- /* CURDIR = .
- * OBJTREE = .
- * SRCTREE = .
- * TOPDIR = .
- * LNDIR = .
- */
- OBJTREE := $(if $(BUILD_DIR),$(BUILD_DIR),$(CURDIR))
- SRCTREE := $(CURDIR)
- TOPDIR := $(SRCTREE)
- LNDIR := $(OBJTREE)
- export TOPDIR SRCTREE OBJTREE
- /* MKCONFIG = ./mkconfig
- * mkconfig的分析见上篇:《u-boot的Makefile分析之mkconfig》
- * http://blog.csdn.net/u013686019/article/details/42295291
- */
- MKCONFIG := $(SRCTREE)/mkconfig
- export MKCONFIG
- ifneq ($(OBJTREE),$(SRCTREE))
- REMOTE_BUILD := 1
- export REMOTE_BUILD
- endif
- /* $(obj) and (src) are defined in config.mk but here in main Makefile
- * we also need them before config.mk is included which is the case for
- * some targets like unconfig, clean, clobber, distclean, etc.
- */
- ifneq ($(OBJTREE),$(SRCTREE))
- obj := $(OBJTREE)/
- src := $(SRCTREE)/
- else
- obj :=
- src :=
- endif
- export obj src
- /* Make sure CDPATH settings don't interfere */
- unexport CDPATH
- #########################################################################
- /* The "tools" are needed early, so put this first
- * Don't include stuff already done in $(LIBS)
- */
- SUBDIRS = tools \
- examples/standalone \
- examples/api
- /* .PHONY用来标明一个伪目标
- * 何为"伪目标"?就是我们定义了一个目标,但这个目标不依赖具体的文件
- * "伪目标"有何作用?假设Makefile所在的目录有一个文件,其名字和Makefile中的一个目标相同;由于该文件没有依赖任何文件,所以它一直是最新的,根据make的编译规则,与文件同名的目标将不会被执行
- */
- .PHONY : $(SUBDIRS)
- ifeq ($(obj)include/config.mk,$(wildcard $(obj)include/config.mk))
- /* Include autoconf.mk before config.mk so that the config options are available
- * to all top level build files. We need the dummy all: target to prevent the
- * dependency target in autoconf.mk.dep from being the default.
- */
- all:
- sinclude $(obj)include/autoconf.mk.dep
- sinclude $(obj)include/autoconf.mk
- include $(obj)include/config.mk
- /* arm arm920t smdk2410 samsung s3c24x0 */
- export ARCH CPU BOARD VENDOR SOC
- /* 该ifeq不会被执行,CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-在文件arch/arm/config.mk中赋值 */
- ifeq ($(HOSTARCH),$(ARCH))
- CROSS_COMPILE ?=
- endif
- $(shell echo "HOSTARCH = $(HOSTARCH)" > v_file.txt )
- $(shell echo "ARCH = $(ARCH)" >> v_file.txt )
- $(shell echo "CROSS_COMPILE= $(CROSS_COMPILE)" >> v_file.txt )
- /* load other configuration */
- include $(TOPDIR)/config.mk
- /* U-Boot objects....order is important (i.e. start must be first) /*
- OBJS = $(CPUDIR)/start.o
3、针对不同的CPU、开发板,调用它们各自目录下的Makefile生成相应的库。
- /* addprefix,加前缀函数
- * 功能:把前缀加到中的每个单词后面
- * 示例:$(addprefix src/,foo bar)返回值是“src/foo src/bar”
- */
- OBJS := $(addprefix $(obj),$(OBJS))
- LIBS = lib/libgeneric.a
- LIBS += lib/lzma/liblzma.a
- LIBS += lib/lzo/liblzo.a
- LIBS += $(shell if [ -f board/$(VENDOR)/common/Makefile ]; then echo \
- "board/$(VENDOR)/common/lib$(VENDOR).a"; fi)
- LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/lib$(CPU).a
- ifdef SOC
- LIBS += $(CPUDIR)/$(SOC)/lib$(SOC).a
- endif
- LIBS += arch/$(ARCH)/lib/lib$(ARCH).a
- LIBS += fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a \
- fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a fs/yaffs2/libyaffs2.a \
- fs/ubifs/libubifs.a
- LIBS += net/libnet.a
- LIBS += disk/libdisk.a
- LIBS += drivers/bios_emulator/libatibiosemu.a
- LIBS += drivers/block/libblock.a
- LIBS += drivers/dma/libdma.a
- LIBS += drivers/fpga/libfpga.a
- LIBS += drivers/gpio/libgpio.a
- LIBS += drivers/hwmon/libhwmon.a
- LIBS += drivers/i2c/libi2c.a
- LIBS += drivers/input/libinput.a
- LIBS += drivers/misc/libmisc.a
- LIBS += drivers/mmc/libmmc.a
- LIBS += drivers/mtd/libmtd.a
- LIBS += drivers/mtd/nand/libnand.a
- LIBS += drivers/mtd/onenand/libonenand.a
- LIBS += drivers/mtd/ubi/libubi.a
- LIBS += drivers/mtd/spi/libspi_flash.a
- LIBS += drivers/net/libnet.a
- LIBS += drivers/net/phy/libphy.a
- LIBS += drivers/pci/libpci.a
- LIBS += drivers/pcmcia/libpcmcia.a
- LIBS += drivers/power/libpower.a
- LIBS += drivers/spi/libspi.a
- LIBS += drivers/rtc/librtc.a
- LIBS += drivers/serial/libserial.a
- LIBS += drivers/twserial/libtws.a
- LIBS += drivers/usb/gadget/libusb_gadget.a
- LIBS += drivers/usb/host/libusb_host.a
- LIBS += drivers/usb/musb/libusb_musb.a
- LIBS += drivers/usb/phy/libusb_phy.a
- LIBS += drivers/video/libvideo.a
- LIBS += drivers/watchdog/libwatchdog.a
- LIBS += common/libcommon.a
- LIBS += lib/libfdt/libfdt.a
- LIBS += api/libapi.a
- LIBS += post/libpost.a
- LIBS := $(addprefix $(obj),$(LIBS))
- .PHONY : $(LIBS) $(TIMESTAMP_FILE) $(VERSION_FILE)
- /* BOARDDIR = samsung/smdk2410 */
- LIBBOARD = board/$(BOARDDIR)/lib$(BOARD).a
- LIBBOARD := $(addprefix $(obj),$(LIBBOARD))
- $(OBJS): depend
- $(MAKE) -C $(CPUDIR) $(if $(REMOTE_BUILD),$@,$(notdir $@))
- $(LIBS): depend $(SUBDIRS)
- $(MAKE) -C $(dir $(subst $(obj),,$@))
- $(LIBBOARD): depend $(LIBS)
- $(MAKE) -C $(dir $(subst $(obj),,$@))
- $(SUBDIRS): depend
- $(MAKE) -C $@ all
- $(LDSCRIPT): depend
- $(MAKE) -C $(dir $@) $(notdir $@)
- $(obj)u-boot.lds: $(LDSCRIPT)
- $(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDPPFLAGS) -ansi -D__ASSEMBLY__ -P - <$^ >$@
- $(NAND_SPL): $(TIMESTAMP_FILE) $(VERSION_FILE) $(obj)include/autoconf.mk
- $(MAKE) -C nand_spl/board/$(BOARDDIR) all
- $(U_BOOT_NAND): $(NAND_SPL) $(obj)u-boot.bin
- cat $(obj)nand_spl/u-boot-spl-16k.bin $(obj)u-boot.bin > $(obj)u-boot-nand.bin
- $(ONENAND_IPL): $(TIMESTAMP_FILE) $(VERSION_FILE) $(obj)include/autoconf.mk
- $(MAKE) -C onenand_ipl/board/$(BOARDDIR) all
- $(U_BOOT_ONENAND): $(ONENAND_IPL) $(obj)u-boot.bin
- cat $(ONENAND_BIN) $(obj)u-boot.bin > $(obj)u-boot-onenand.bin
- $(VERSION_FILE):
- @( printf '#define U_BOOT_VERSION "U-Boot %s%s"\n' "$(U_BOOT_VERSION)" \
- '$(shell $(TOPDIR)/tools/setlocalversion $(TOPDIR))' ) > $@.tmp
- @cmp -s $@ $@.tmp && rm -f $@.tmp || mv -f $@.tmp $@
- $(TIMESTAMP_FILE):
- @LC_ALL=C date +'#define U_BOOT_DATE "%b %d %C%y"' > $@
- @LC_ALL=C date +'#define U_BOOT_TIME "%T"' >> $@
- gdbtools:
- $(MAKE) -C tools/gdb all || exit 1
- updater:
- $(MAKE) -C tools/updater all || exit 1
- env:
- $(MAKE) -C tools/env all MTD_VERSION=${MTD_VERSION} || exit 1
- # Explicitly make _depend in subdirs containing multiple targets to prevent
- # parallel sub-makes creating .depend files simultaneously.
- depend dep: $(TIMESTAMP_FILE) $(VERSION_FILE) $(obj)include/autoconf.mk
- for dir in $(SUBDIRS) $(CPUDIR) $(dir $(LDSCRIPT)) ; do \
- $(MAKE) -C $$dir _depend ; done
- TAG_SUBDIRS = $(SUBDIRS)
- TAG_SUBDIRS += $(dir $(__LIBS))
- TAG_SUBDIRS += include
- tags ctags:
- ctags -w -o $(obj)ctags `find $(TAG_SUBDIRS) \
- -name '*.[chS]' -print`
- etags:
- etags -a -o $(obj)etags `find $(TAG_SUBDIRS) \
- -name '*.[chS]' -print`
- cscope:
- find $(TAG_SUBDIRS) -name '*.[chS]' -print > cscope.files
- cscope -b -q -k
- SYSTEM_MAP = \
- $(NM) $1 | \
- grep -v ' compiled \| \.o$$ \| [aUw] \| \.\.ng$$ \| LASH[RL]DI ' | \
- LC_ALL=C sort
- $(obj)System.map: $(obj)u-boot
- @$(call SYSTEM_MAP,$<) > $(obj)System.map
- #
- # Auto-generate the autoconf.mk file (which is included by all makefiles)
- #
- # This target actually generates 2 files; autoconf.mk and autoconf.mk.dep.
- # the dep file is only include in this top level makefile to determine when
- # to regenerate the autoconf.mk file.
- $(obj)include/autoconf.mk.dep: $(obj)include/config.h include/common.h
- @$(XECHO) Generating $@ ; \
- set -e ; \
- : Generate the dependancies ; \
- $(CC) -x c -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -M $(HOSTCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) \
- -MQ $(obj)include/autoconf.mk include/common.h > $@
- $(obj)include/autoconf.mk: $(obj)include/config.h
- @$(XECHO) Generating $@ ; \
- set -e ; \
- : Extract the config macros ; \
- $(CPP) $(CFLAGS) -DDO_DEPS_ONLY -dM include/common.h | \
- sed -n -f tools/scripts/define2mk.sed > $@.tmp && \
- mv $@.tmp $@
- #########################################################################
- else # !config.mk
- all $(obj)u-boot.hex $(obj)u-boot.srec $(obj)u-boot.bin \
- $(obj)u-boot.img $(obj)u-boot.dis $(obj)u-boot \
- $(filter-out tools,$(SUBDIRS)) $(TIMESTAMP_FILE) $(VERSION_FILE) gdbtools \
- updater env depend dep tags ctags etags cscope $(obj)System.map:
- @echo "System not configured - see README" >&2
- @ exit 1
- tools:
- $(MAKE) -C tools
- tools-all:
- $(MAKE) -C tools HOST_TOOLS_ALL=y
- endif # config.mk
- .PHONY : CHANGELOG
- CHANGELOG:
- git log --no-merges U-Boot-1_1_5.. | \
- unexpand -a | sed -e 's/\s\s*$$//' > $@
- include/license.h: tools/bin2header COPYING
- cat COPYING | gzip -9 -c | ./tools/bin2header license_gzip > include/license.h
- #########################################################################
- unconfig:
- @rm -f $(obj)include/config.h $(obj)include/config.mk \
- $(obj)board/*/config.tmp $(obj)board/*/*/config.tmp \
- $(obj)include/autoconf.mk $(obj)include/autoconf.mk.dep
- %: %_config
- $(MAKE)
- #########################################################################
- smdk2410_config : unconfig
- @$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 samsung s3c24x0
4、将以上生成的.o、.a文件按board/$(BOARDDIR)/config.mk、u-boot.lds确定的地址、脚本进行链接。
5、并根据需要转换成其他格式的可执行文件,如二进制格式、S_Record格式等:
- /* Add GCC lib */
- ifdef USE_PRIVATE_LIBGCC
- ifeq ("$(USE_PRIVATE_LIBGCC)", "yes")
- PLATFORM_LIBGCC = -L $(OBJTREE)/arch/$(ARCH)/lib -lgcc
- else
- PLATFORM_LIBGCC = -L $(USE_PRIVATE_LIBGCC) -lgcc
- endif
- else
- PLATFORM_LIBGCC = -L $(shell dirname `$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-libgcc-file-name`) -lgcc
- endif
- PLATFORM_LIBS += $(PLATFORM_LIBGCC)
- export PLATFORM_LIBS
- /* Special flags for CPP when processing the linker script.
- * Pass the version down so we can handle backwards compatibility
- * on the fly.
- */
- LDPPFLAGS += \
- -include $(TOPDIR)/include/u-boot/u-boot.lds.h \
- $(shell $(LD) --version | \
- sed -ne 's/GNU ld version [0−9][0−9]∗ \. [0−9][0−9]∗ .*/-DLD_MAJOR=\1 -DLD_MINOR=\2/p')
- ifeq ($(CONFIG_NAND_U_BOOT),y)
- NAND_SPL = nand_spl
- U_BOOT_NAND = $(obj)u-boot-nand.bin
- endif
- /* subst函数:
- * $(subst from, to, text),在文本"text"中用"to"代替每一处的"from"
- */
- __OBJS := $(subst $(obj),,$(OBJS))
- __LIBS := $(subst $(obj),,$(LIBS)) $(subst $(obj),,$(LIBBOARD))
- #########################################################################
- /* Always append ALL so that arch config.mk's can add custom ones */
- ALL += $(obj)u-boot.srec $(obj)u-boot.bin $(obj)System.map $(U_BOOT_NAND) $(U_BOOT_ONENAND)
- all: $(ALL)
- /* 在顶层的config.mk
- * AS = $(CROSS_COMPILE)as
- * LD = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld
- * CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
- * CPP = $(CC) -E
- * AR = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
- * NM = $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm
- * LDR = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ldr
- * STRIP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip
- * OBJCOPY = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy
- * OBJDUMP = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump
- * RANLIB = $(CROSS_COMPILE)RANLIB
- */
- /* 根据生成的u-boot转换成其他格式的可执行文件 */
- $(obj)u-boot.hex: $(obj)u-boot
- $(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O ihex $< $@
- $(obj)u-boot.srec: $(obj)u-boot
- $(OBJCOPY) -O srec $< $@
- $(obj)u-boot.bin: $(obj)u-boot
- $(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O binary $< $@
- $(obj)u-boot.ldr: $(obj)u-boot
- $(CREATE_LDR_ENV)
- $(LDR) -T $(CONFIG_BFIN_CPU) -c $@ $< $(LDR_FLAGS)
- $(obj)u-boot.ldr.hex: $(obj)u-boot.ldr
- $(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O ihex $< $@ -I binary
- $(obj)u-boot.ldr.srec: $(obj)u-boot.ldr
- $(OBJCOPY) ${OBJCFLAGS} -O srec $< $@ -I binary
- $(obj)u-boot.img: $(obj)u-boot.bin
- $(obj)tools/mkimage -A $(ARCH) -T firmware -C none \
- -a $(TEXT_BASE) -e 0 \
- -n $(shell sed -n -e 's/.*U_BOOT_VERSION//p' $(VERSION_FILE) | \
- sed -e 's/"[ ]*$$/ for $(BOARD) board"/') \
- -d $< $@
- $(obj)u-boot.imx: $(obj)u-boot.bin
- $(obj)tools/mkimage -n $(IMX_CONFIG) -T imximage \
- -e $(TEXT_BASE) -d $< $@
- $(obj)u-boot.kwb: $(obj)u-boot.bin
- $(obj)tools/mkimage -n $(KWD_CONFIG) -T kwbimage \
- -a $(TEXT_BASE) -e $(TEXT_BASE) -d $< $@
- $(obj)u-boot.sha1: $(obj)u-boot.bin
- $(obj)tools/ubsha1 $(obj)u-boot.bin
- $(obj)u-boot.dis: $(obj)u-boot
- $(OBJDUMP) -d $< > $@
- GEN_UBOOT = \
- UNDEF_SYM=`$(OBJDUMP) -x $(LIBBOARD) $(LIBS) | \
- sed -n -e 's/.*$(SYM_PREFIX)__u_boot_cmd_.*/-u\1/p'|sort|uniq`;\
- cd $(LNDIR) && $(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $$UNDEF_SYM $(__OBJS) \
- --start-group $(__LIBS) --end-group $(PLATFORM_LIBS) \
- -Map u-boot.map -o u-boot
- $(obj)u-boot: depend $(SUBDIRS) $(OBJS) $(LIBBOARD) $(LIBS) $(LDSCRIPT) $(obj)u-boot.lds
- $(GEN_UBOOT)
- ifeq ($(CONFIG_KALLSYMS),y)
- smap=`$(call SYSTEM_MAP,u-boot) | \
- awk '
2 ~ /[tTwW]/ {printf1 $$3 "\\\\000"}'` ; \
- $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -DSYSTEM_MAP="\"$${smap}\"" \
- -c common/system_map.c -o $(obj)common/system_map.o
- $(GEN_UBOOT) $(obj)common/system_map.o
- endif