【spring框架】spring的几个Annotation实现(上)

spring除了XML的配置，还可以用Annotation注解来实现spring的配置功能，下面来介绍里面一些配置方法

1.Annotation第一步

a)修改xml文件，参考文档<context:annotation-config/>

基于注解（Annotation-based）的配置

在 Spring 2.5中已经可以用注解的方式去驱动 Spring 的依赖注射了。更重要的是，@Autowired注解提供了与第 3.3.5 节 “自动装配（autowire）协作者”一节中描述的同样功能，并且提供了更细致的控制与更好的适应性。Spring 2.5 也支持 JSR-250 中的一些注解，例如@Resource，@PostConstruct，以及@PreDestroy。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
               
     <context:annotation-config/>
     
</beans>

（加载了<context:annotation-config/>就相当于隐式注册 post-processors， 包括了 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，也包括了前面提到的RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor四个bean，用来完成注解的加载）
加了:xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
与<context:annotation-config/>
xsd定义了它所控制的xml都能写什么，就是我们当前文件的命名空间(装着我能写的名字)


2.Autowired
a)默认按类型by type

例子：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
               
   <context:annotation-config/>
  
  <bean id="u" class="cn.edu.hpu.dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl">
     <property name="daoId" value="1"></property>
  </bean>
	
  <bean id="userService" class="cn.edu.hpu.service.UserService"> 	 
  </bean>
  
</beans>

注意，此时userService的bean里面并没有加id=u的bean。我们用注解来进行AutoWired
在UserService的getUserDao方法上面加注解@Autowired(默认byType)

package cn.edu.hpu.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import cn.edu.hpu.dao.UserDao;
import cn.edu.hpu.dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl;
import cn.edu.hpu.model.User;


public class UserService {


	private UserDao userDao;
	
	public void init(){
		System.out.println("init");
	}
	
	public UserDao getUserDao() {
		return userDao;
	}
	@Autowired
	public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
		this.userDao = userDao;
	}


	public void add(User u){
		this.userDao.save(u);
	}
	
	public void destroy(){
		System.out.println("destroy");
	}
	
}

测试:

package cn.edu.hpu.service;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


import cn.edu.hpu.dao.UserDao;
import cn.edu.hpu.model.User;


public class UserServiceTest {
	
	@Test
	public void testAdd() throws Exception{
		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
		
		UserService userService=(UserService)ctx.getBean("userService");
		System.out.println(userService.getUserDao());
		ctx.destroy();
	}
}

UserDaoImpl.java:改写了toString方法，返回daoId

package cn.edu.hpu.dao.Impl;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;


import cn.edu.hpu.dao.UserDao;
import cn.edu.hpu.model.User;


public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{

	private int daoId;
	
	public int getDaoId() {
		return daoId;
	}

	public void setDaoId(int daoId) {
		this.daoId = daoId;
	}

	public void save(User u) {
	    System.out.println("add success!!");		
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		
		return "daoid="+daoId;
	}

}

测试结果:
daoid=1
也就是用Annotation也可以实现Autowired


b)如果想用byName,使用@Qulifier


如果有好几个Type一样的，就应该用byName了：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
               
  <context:annotation-config/>
  
  <bean id="u" class="cn.edu.hpu.dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl">
     <property name="daoId" value="1"></property>
  </bean>
  <bean id="u2" class="cn.edu.hpu.dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl">
     <property name="daoId" value="2"></property>
  </bean>
	
  <bean id="userService" class="cn.edu.hpu.service.UserService">
  </bean>
  
</beans>

在UserService的getUserDao方法的参数前加@Qualifier("XX")，其中
"XX"是相应bean的id
UserService.java:

package cn.edu.hpu.service;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;


import cn.edu.hpu.dao.UserDao;
import cn.edu.hpu.dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl;
import cn.edu.hpu.model.User;


public class UserService {


	private UserDao userDao;
	
	public void init(){
		System.out.println("init");
	}
	
	public UserDao getUserDao() {
		return userDao;
	}
	@Autowired
	public void setUserDao(@Qualifier("u2")UserDao userDao) {
		this.userDao = userDao;
	}


	public void add(User u){
		this.userDao.save(u);
	}
	
	public void destroy(){
		System.out.println("destroy");
	}
	
}

测试:

package cn.edu.hpu.service;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


import cn.edu.hpu.dao.UserDao;
import cn.edu.hpu.model.User;


public class UserServiceTest {
	
	@Test
	public void testAdd() throws Exception{
		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
		
		UserService userService=(UserService)ctx.getBean("userService");
		System.out.println(userService.getUserDao());
		ctx.destroy();
	}
}

结果:
daoid=2
说明注解@Qualifier("u2")起到了作用


c)写在private filed(第三种输入形式)(不建议，破坏封装)
@Autowired(required=false)就是可以去自动获取，如果没有也可以不要(可有可无)


d)如果写在set上，@qualifier需要写在参数上


补充：
前面在XML中提到的ini-method和的destroy-method用注解实现就是在相应方法上加：
@PostConstruct与@PreDestroy

@Scope("XXX")里面指定是用什么样的生命范围(singleton、prototype)

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