使用方法就不说了，重点记录下源码读取的过程和思路：
1.使用同步调用进行分析
response = client.newCall(builder.build()).execute();解析看到的newCall方法：
/**
* Prepares the {@code request} to be executed at some point in the future.
*/
@Override public Call newCall(Request request) {
return new RealCall(this, request, false /* for web socket */);
}
返回了一个new RealCall(),之后调用了Call接口的实现类RealCall的execute()方法。
这里写代码片
@Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
synchronized (this) {//进行同步，一次只能一个线程访问
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();//对调用栈进行追踪
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);//调用分发器进行执行
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();//获取Response从拦截器链中
if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
return result;
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);//调用dispatcher来结束任务的执行。
}
}其中的client 是OkHttpClient类型。
这个地方的有以下几个疑问：
1. Dispather的作用是什么？
2. Dispather中的executed()内部是如何实现的。
3. 为什么不是从executed执行完了直接从executed方法中返回Response，而是用InterceptorChain中进行获取？
首先第一个疑问：Dispather：翻看源码对Dispather的描述为：Policy on when async requests are executed;就是在异步请求时添加其上的策略。
第二个疑问：这里只有一行代码：
/** Used by {@code Call#execute} to signal it is in-flight. */
synchronized void executed(RealCall call) {
runningSyncCalls.add(call);
}那么接下来的疑问是runningSyncCalls是什么类型或数据结构？
/** Running synchronous calls. Includes canceled calls that haven't finished yet. */
private final Deque<RealCall> runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();注释中提到是用来运行同步调用的，包括取消还没有结束的调用。
数据结构是队列，那就是一定满足先进先出的特性。那么，在execute中仅仅是将RealCall 对象添加进行，并没有看到执行。那么什么时候进行执行？我们还是回到RealCall中的getResponseWithInterceptorChain()中获取结果。
这里写代码片
Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());//添加客户端的拦截器
interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);//添加RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor拦截器。这个拦截器是可以从失败中进行恢复并可以进行冲定向。
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));//应用代码到网络代码的桥，第一步，建立一个来自用户的网络请求，之后，被网络处理调用，最后，从网络上建立一个用户响应
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));//缓冲拦截器，为缓存中的requests服务同时，将响应写到缓存中。
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));//打开一个目标服务和进行下一个拦截器的连接。
if (!forWebSocket) {//如果webSocket关闭了，就添加网络连接器
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));//CallServerInterceptor这个是最后一次的拦截器，它可是网络访问服务器。
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(
interceptors, null, null, null, 0, originalRequest);//构造真正的责任链
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);//由责任链处理请求，并返回响应。
}
通过上面的注释可以看到最后的处理是交给了RealInterceptorChain类进行处理。
接下来看：proceed方法：
public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
Connection connection) throws IOException {
if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();
calls++;
// If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it.
if (this.httpCodec != null && !sameConnection(request.url())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
+ " must retain the same host and port");
}
// If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed().
if (this.httpCodec != null && calls > 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
+ " must call proceed() exactly once");
}
// Call the next interceptor in the chain.调用下一个拦截器
RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(
interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index + 1, request);
Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);//获取拦截器
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);//从下一个拦截器中获取response?
// Confirm that the next interceptor made its required call to chain.proceed().
if (httpCodec != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size() && next.calls != 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor
+ " must call proceed() exactly once");
}
// Confirm that the intercepted response isn't null.
if (response == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("interceptor " + interceptor + " returned null");
}
return response;
}
存在疑问？从拦截器中并没有看到如何处理请求？那么会在什么地方进行处理呢？还是得注意这行代码：
Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);//从下一个拦截器中获取response?这行代码中的interceptor是RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor类型的。跳转到RetryAndFllowUpInterceptor类文件中。
这里写代码片
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(
client.connectionPool(), createAddress(request.url()), callStackTrace);//分配内存空间
int followUpCount = 0;
Response priorResponse = null;
while (true) {//死循环
if (canceled) {
streamAllocation.release();
throw new IOException("Canceled");
}
Response response = null;
boolean releaseConnection = true;
try {
response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);//交给下一个拦截器
releaseConnection = false;
} catch (RouteException e) {
// The attempt to connect via a route failed. The request will not have been sent.
if (!recover(e.getLastConnectException(), false, request)) {//进行断开重连
throw e.getLastConnectException();
}
releaseConnection = false;
continue;
} catch (IOException e) {
// An attempt to communicate with a server failed. The request may have been sent.
boolean requestSendStarted = !(e instanceof ConnectionShutdownException);//
if (!recover(e, requestSendStarted, request)) throw e;
releaseConnection = false;
continue;
} finally {
// We're throwing an unchecked exception. Release any resources.
if (releaseConnection) {//释放连接
streamAllocation.streamFailed(null);
streamAllocation.release();
}
}
// Attach the prior response if it exists. Such responses never have a body.
if (priorResponse != null) {
response = response.newBuilder()
.priorResponse(priorResponse.newBuilder()
.body(null)
.build())
.build();
}
Request followUp = followUpRequest(response);//
if (followUp == null) {
if (!forWebSocket) {
streamAllocation.release();
}
return response;
}
closeQuietly(response.body());//关闭
if (++followUpCount > MAX_FOLLOW_UPS) {
streamAllocation.release();
throw new ProtocolException("Too many follow-up requests: " + followUpCount);
}
if (followUp.body() instanceof UnrepeatableRequestBody) {//
streamAllocation.release();
throw new HttpRetryException("Cannot retry streamed HTTP body", response.code());
}
if (!sameConnection(response, followUp.url())) {//不是相同的连接，
streamAllocation.release();
streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(//从连接池中创建新的连接,复用新的连接
client.connectionPool(), createAddress(followUp.url()), callStackTrace);
} else if (streamAllocation.codec() != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Closing the body of " + response
+ " didn't close its backing stream. Bad interceptor?");
}
request = followUp;
priorResponse = response;
}
}
以上可以看出，一个拦截器的Intercept方法所执行的逻辑大致分为三部分:
1. 在发起请求前对request进行处理
2. 调用下一个拦截器，获取response
3. 对response进行处理，返回给上一个拦截器
一个网络请求实际上就是一个个拦截器执行其intercept方法的过程。而这其中除了用户自定义的拦截器外还有几个核心拦截器的完成了网络访问的核心逻辑，按照先后顺序依次是:
1. RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor
2. BridgeInterceptor
3. CacheInterceptor
4. ConnectInterceptor
5. CallServerInterceptor
BridgeInterceptor类，将用户请求转换成一个网络请求，之后处理网络请求，最后从网络上构建一个用户请求。
在其中使用的gzip进行解压网络流数据。
- 设置内容长度，内容编码
- 设置gzip压缩，并在接收到内容后进行解。
- 添加cookie
- 设置其他报头，如User-Agent,Host,Keep-alive等。其中Keep-Alive是实现多路复用的必要步骤
这里写代码片
public final class BridgeInterceptor implements Interceptor {
private final CookieJar cookieJar;
public BridgeInterceptor(CookieJar cookieJar) {
this.cookieJar = cookieJar;
}
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request userRequest = chain.request();//取出链中的请求
Request.Builder requestBuilder = userRequest.newBuilder();
//重新构建
RequestBody body = userRequest.body();
if (body != null) {
MediaType contentType = body.contentType();
if (contentType != null) {
requestBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType.toString());
}
long contentLength = body.contentLength();
if (contentLength != -1) {
requestBuilder.header("Content-Length", Long.toString(contentLength));
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Transfer-Encoding");
} else {
requestBuilder.header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
requestBuilder.removeHeader("Content-Length");
}
}
if (userRequest.header("Host") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("Host", hostHeader(userRequest.url(), false));
}
if (userRequest.header("Connection") == null) {
requestBuilder.header("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
}
// If we add an "Accept-Encoding: gzip" header field we're responsible for also decompressing
// the transfer stream.
boolean transparentGzip = false;
if (userRequest.header("Accept-Encoding") == null && userRequest.header("Range") == null) {
transparentGzip = true;
requestBuilder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");//接受编码gzip压缩
}
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieJar.loadForRequest(userRequest.url());
if (!cookies.isEmpty()) {//将cookies进行转换
requestBuilder.header("Cookie", cookieHeader(cookies));
}
if (userRequest.header("User-Agent") == null) {//添加用户代理
requestBuilder.header("User-Agent", Version.userAgent());
}
//有链进行处理
Response networkResponse = chain.proceed(requestBuilder.build());
HttpHeaders.receiveHeaders(cookieJar, userRequest.url(), networkResponse.headers());
Response.Builder responseBuilder = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.request(userRequest);
if (transparentGzip
&& "gzip".equalsIgnoreCase(networkResponse.header("Content-Encoding"))
&& HttpHeaders.hasBody(networkResponse)) {
//数据的解压
GzipSource responseBody = new GzipSource(networkResponse.body().source());
Headers strippedHeaders = networkResponse.headers().newBuilder()
.removeAll("Content-Encoding")
.removeAll("Content-Length")
.build();
responseBuilder.headers(strippedHeaders);
responseBuilder.body(new RealResponseBody(strippedHeaders, Okio.buffer(responseBody)));
}
return responseBuilder.build();
}
/** Returns a 'Cookie' HTTP request header with all cookies, like {@code a=b; c=d}. */
private String cookieHeader(List<Cookie> cookies) {
StringBuilder cookieHeader = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0, size = cookies.size(); i < size; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
cookieHeader.append("; ");
}
Cookie cookie = cookies.get(i);
cookieHeader.append(cookie.name()).append('=').append(cookie.value());
}
return cookieHeader.toString();
}
}
CacheInterceptor类的功能是服务来自缓冲区的请求，同时写响应给缓冲区：
- 当网络请求有符合要求的Cache时直接返回Cache;
- 当服务器返回内容有改变时更新当前cache;
- 如果当前cache失效，删除；
这里写代码片
public final class CacheInterceptor implements Interceptor {
final InternalCache cache;
public CacheInterceptor(InternalCache cache) {
this.cache = cache;
}
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Response cacheCandidate = cache != null
? cache.get(chain.request())
: null;
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
//缓冲策略工厂
CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get();
Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest;
Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse;
if (cache != null) {
cache.trackResponse(strategy);//追踪响应
}
if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); // The cache candidate wasn't applicable. Close it.缓冲区没有使用，进行关闭
}
// If we're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient, fail.
if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
return new Response.Builder()
.request(chain.request())
.protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
.code(504)
.message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
.body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
.sentRequestAtMillis(-1L)
.receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
.build();
}
// If we don't need the network, we're done.
if (networkRequest == null) {//从缓存中构建一个响应
return cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.build();
}
Response networkResponse = null;
try {
networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest);
} finally {
// If we're crashing on I/O or otherwise, don't leak the cache body.//不要泄露内存
if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) {
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
}
}
// If we have a cache response too, then we're doing a conditional get.
if (cacheResponse != null) {
if (networkResponse.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
Response response = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
.sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis())
.receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis())
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
networkResponse.body().close();
// Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the
// Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).
cache.trackConditionalCacheHit();//命中
cache.update(cacheResponse, response);//更新
return response;
} else {
closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
}
}
Response response = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
if (HttpHeaders.hasBody(response)) {
CacheRequest cacheRequest = maybeCache(response, networkResponse.request(), cache);
response = cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response);
}
return response;
}
//剥开body
private static Response stripBody(Response response) {
return response != null && response.body() != null
? response.newBuilder().body(null).build()
: response;
}
private CacheRequest maybeCache(Response userResponse, Request networkRequest,
InternalCache responseCache) throws IOException {
if (responseCache == null) return null;
// Should we cache this response for this request?如果没有被缓存了，进行缓存
if (!CacheStrategy.isCacheable(userResponse, networkRequest)) {
if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(networkRequest.method())) {//判断网络请求的方法是否有效
try {
responseCache.remove(networkRequest);//移除旧的缓存
} catch (IOException ignored) {
// The cache cannot be written.
}
}
return null;
}
// Offer this request to the cache.
return responseCache.put(userResponse);
}
/**
* Returns a new source that writes bytes to {@code cacheRequest} as they are read by the source
* consumer. This is careful to discard bytes left over when the stream is closed; otherwise we
* may never exhaust the source stream and therefore not complete the cached response.
*/
private Response cacheWritingResponse(final CacheRequest cacheRequest, Response response)
throws IOException {
// Some apps return a null body; for compatibility we treat that like a null cache request.
if (cacheRequest == null) return response;
Sink cacheBodyUnbuffered = cacheRequest.body();
if (cacheBodyUnbuffered == null) return response;
final BufferedSource source = response.body().source();
final BufferedSink cacheBody = Okio.buffer(cacheBodyUnbuffered);
Source cacheWritingSource = new Source() {
boolean cacheRequestClosed;
@Override public long read(Buffer sink, long byteCount) throws IOException {
long bytesRead;
try {
bytesRead = source.read(sink, byteCount);
} catch (IOException e) {
if (!cacheRequestClosed) {
cacheRequestClosed = true;
cacheRequest.abort(); // Failed to write a complete cache response.
}
throw e;
}
if (bytesRead == -1) {
if (!cacheRequestClosed) {
cacheRequestClosed = true;
cacheBody.close(); // The cache response is complete!
}
return -1;
}
sink.copyTo(cacheBody.buffer(), sink.size() - bytesRead, bytesRead);
cacheBody.emitCompleteSegments();
return bytesRead;
}
@Override public Timeout timeout() {
return source.timeout();
}
@Override public void close() throws IOException {
if (!cacheRequestClosed
&& !discard(this, HttpCodec.DISCARD_STREAM_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)) {
cacheRequestClosed = true;
cacheRequest.abort();
}
source.close();
}
};
return response.newBuilder()
.body(new RealResponseBody(response.headers(), Okio.buffer(cacheWritingSource)))
.build();
}
/** Combines cached headers with a network headers as defined by RFC 2616, 13.5.3. */
private static Headers combine(Headers cachedHeaders, Headers networkHeaders) {
Headers.Builder result = new Headers.Builder();
for (int i = 0, size = cachedHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
String fieldName = cachedHeaders.name(i);
String value = cachedHeaders.value(i);
if ("Warning".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName) && value.startsWith("1")) {
continue; // Drop 100-level freshness warnings.
}
if (!isEndToEnd(fieldName) || networkHeaders.get(fieldName) == null) {
Internal.instance.addLenient(result, fieldName, value);
}
}
for (int i = 0, size = networkHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
String fieldName = networkHeaders.name(i);
if ("Content-Length".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
continue; // Ignore content-length headers of validating responses.
}
if (isEndToEnd(fieldName)) {
Internal.instance.addLenient(result, fieldName, networkHeaders.value(i));
}
}
return result.build();
}
/**
* Returns true if {@code fieldName} is an end-to-end HTTP header, as defined by RFC 2616,
* 13.5.1.
*/
static boolean isEndToEnd(String fieldName) {
return !"Connection".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Keep-Alive".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Proxy-Authenticate".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Proxy-Authorization".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"TE".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Trailers".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Transfer-Encoding".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Upgrade".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName);
}
}
ConnectInterceptor类，打开一个目标服务器和处理下一个拦截器。即为当前请求找到合适的连接，可能复用已有连接也可能是重新创建的连接，返回的连接有连接池负责决定。
这里写代码片
public final class ConnectInterceptor implements Interceptor {
public final OkHttpClient client;
public ConnectInterceptor(OkHttpClient client) {
this.client = client;
}
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;//强转为真正的拦截器链
Request request = realChain.request();
StreamAllocation streamAllocation = realChain.streamAllocation();
// We need the network to satisfy this request. Possibly for validating a conditional GET.
boolean doExtensiveHealthChecks = !request.method().equals("GET");
HttpCodec httpCodec = streamAllocation.newStream(client, doExtensiveHealthChecks);
RealConnection connection = streamAllocation.connection();//获取真正的连接
return realChain.proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);//返回真实的处理响应
}
}
CallServerInterceptor类，这是拦截链中最后的一个拦截器，负责向服务器发起真正的访问请求，并在接受到服务器返回后读取响应返回。
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
HttpCodec httpCodec = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).httpStream();
StreamAllocation streamAllocation = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).streamAllocation();
Request request = chain.request();
long sentRequestMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
httpCodec.writeRequestHeaders(request);
Response.Builder responseBuilder = null;
if (HttpMethod.permitsRequestBody(request.method()) && request.body() != null) {
// If there's a "Expect: 100-continue" header on the request, wait for a "HTTP/1.1 100
// Continue" response before transmitting the request body. If we don't get that, return what
// we did get (such as a 4xx response) without ever transmitting the request body.
if ("100-continue".equalsIgnoreCase(request.header("Expect"))) {
httpCodec.flushRequest();
responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(true);
}
// Write the request body, unless an "Expect: 100-continue" expectation failed.
if (responseBuilder == null) {
Sink requestBodyOut = httpCodec.createRequestBody(request, request.body().contentLength());
BufferedSink bufferedRequestBody = Okio.buffer(requestBodyOut);
request.body().writeTo(bufferedRequestBody);
bufferedRequestBody.close();
}
}
httpCodec.finishRequest();
if (responseBuilder == null) {
responseBuilder = httpCodec.readResponseHeaders(false);
}
Response response = responseBuilder
.request(request)
.handshake(streamAllocation.connection().handshake())
.sentRequestAtMillis(sentRequestMillis)
.receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
.build();
int code = response.code();
if (forWebSocket && code == 101) {
// Connection is upgrading, but we need to ensure interceptors see a non-null response body.
response = response.newBuilder()
.body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
.build();
} else {
response = response.newBuilder()
.body(httpCodec.openResponseBody(response))
.build();
}
if ("close".equalsIgnoreCase(response.request().header("Connection"))
|| "close".equalsIgnoreCase(response.header("Connection"))) {
streamAllocation.noNewStreams();
}
if ((code == 204 || code == 205) && response.body().contentLength() > 0) {
throw new ProtocolException(
"HTTP " + code + " had non-zero Content-Length: " + response.body().contentLength());
}
return response;
}引用下面参考链接的图：
这个是我个人的随笔。
参考：https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/78104
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