这篇文章主要介绍了Redis之RedisTemplate配置方式(序列和反序列化),具有很好的参考价值,希望对大家有所帮助。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教
目录
RedisTemplate配置序列和反序列化
对于redis操作,springboot进行了很好的封装,那就是spring data redis。提供了一个高度封装的RedisTemplate类来进行一系列redis操作,连接池自动管理;同时将事务封装操作,交由容器进行处理。
针对数据的“序列化和反序列化”,提供了多种策略(RedisSerializer)
默认为使用JdkSerializationRedisSerializer,同时还有StringRedisSerializer,JacksonJsonRedisSerializer,OxmSerializer,GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer。
简介一下
JdkSerializationRedisSerializer
:POJO对象的存取场景,使用JDK本身序列化机制,将pojo类通过ObjectInputStream/ObjectOutputStream进行序列化操作,最终redis-server中将存储字节序列。是目前默认的序列化策略。StringRedisSerializer
:Key或者value为字符串的场景,根据指定的charset对数据的字节序列编码成string,是“new String(bytes, charset)”和“string.getBytes(charset)”的直接封装。是最轻量级和高效的策略。JacksonJsonRedisSerializer
:jackson-json工具提供了javabean与json之间的转换能力,可以将pojo实例序列化成json格式存储在redis中,也可以将json格式的数据转换成pojo实例。因为jackson工具在序列化和反序列化时,需要明确指定Class类型,因此此策略封装起来稍微复杂。【需要jackson-mapper-asl工具支持】GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer
:另一种javabean与json之间的转换,同时也需要指定Class类型。OxmSerializer
:提供了将javabean与xml之间的转换能力,目前可用的三方支持包括jaxb,apache-xmlbeans;redis存储的数据将是xml工具。不过使用此策略,编程将会有些难度,而且效率最低;不建议使用。【需要spring-oxm模块的支持】
实践
1)依赖(版本继承了SpringBoot版本)
1
2
3
4
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>org.springframework.boot</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</
artifactId
>
</
dependency
>
2)RedisConfig类
添加bean,指定key/value以及HashKey和HashValue的序列化和反序列化为FastJson的。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
package
com.sleb.springcloud.common.config;
import
com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer;
import
org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import
org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import
org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import
org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import
org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericToStringSerializer;
/**
* redis配置
* @author 追到乌云的尽头找太阳(Jacob)
**/
@Configuration
public
class
RedisConfig {
@Bean
public
RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate =
new
RedisTemplate<>();
redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
// 使用 GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer 替换默认序列化
GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer genericFastJsonRedisSerializer =
new
GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer();
// 设置key和value的序列化规则
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(
new
GenericToStringSerializer<>(Object.
class
));
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(genericFastJsonRedisSerializer);
// 设置hashKey和hashValue的序列化规则
redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(
new
GenericToStringSerializer<>(Object.
class
));
redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(genericFastJsonRedisSerializer);
// 设置支持事物
redisTemplate.setEnableTransactionSupport(
true
);
redisTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();
return
redisTemplate;
}
}
RedisTemplate序列化问题
序列化与反序列化规则不一致,导致报错
1、配置redisTemplate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
<!-- redis数据源 -->
<
bean
id
=
"poolConfig"
class
=
"redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig"
>
<!-- 最大空闲数 -->
<
property
name
=
"maxIdle"
value
=
"${redis.maxIdle}"
/>
<!-- 最大空连接数 -->
<
property
name
=
"maxTotal"
value
=
"${redis.maxTotal}"
/>
<!-- 最大等待时间 -->
<
property
name
=
"maxWaitMillis"
value
=
"${redis.maxWaitMillis}"
/>
<!-- 返回连接时,检测连接是否成功 -->
<
property
name
=
"testOnBorrow"
value
=
"${redis.testOnBorrow}"
/>
</
bean
>
<!-- Spring-data-redis连接池管理工厂 -->
<
bean
id
=
"jedisConnectionFactory"
class
=
"org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory"
>
<!-- IP地址 -->
<
property
name
=
"hostName"
value
=
"${redis.host}"
/>
<!-- 端口号 -->
<
property
name
=
"port"
value
=
"${redis.port}"
/>
<!-- 密码 -->
<!-- <property name="password" value="${redis.password}"/>-->
<!-- 超时时间 默认2000 -->
<
property
name
=
"timeout"
value
=
"${redis.timeout}"
/>
<!-- 连接池配置引用 -->
<
property
name
=
"poolConfig"
ref
=
"poolConfig"
/>
<!-- 是否使用连接池 -->
<
property
name
=
"usePool"
value
=
"true"
/>
<!-- 指定使用的数据库 -->
<
property
name
=
"database"
value
=
"0"
/>
</
bean
>
<!-- redis template definition -->
<
bean
id
=
"redisTemplate"
class
=
"org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"
>
<
property
name
=
"connectionFactory"
ref
=
"jedisConnectionFactory"
/>
<
property
name
=
"keySerializer"
>
<
bean
class
=
"org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer"
/>
</
property
>
<
property
name
=
"valueSerializer"
>
<
bean
class
=
"org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer"
/>
</
property
>
<
property
name
=
"hashKeySerializer"
>
<
bean
class
=
"org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer"
/>
</
property
>
<
property
name
=
"hashValueSerializer"
>
<
bean
class
=
"org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer"
/>
</
property
>
</
bean
>
2、存值
此次存值,使用redisTemplate的回调函数,是按照字符串序列化方式存redisValue
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
public
void
testRedisListPush() {
String redisKey =
"testGoodsKey"
;
List<String> redisValues = Arrays.asList(
"10002001"
,
"10002002"
);
// 使用管道向redis list结构中批量插入元素
redisTemplate.executePipelined((RedisConnection redisConnection) -> {
// 打开管道
redisConnection.openPipeline();
// 给本次管道内添加,一次性执行的多条命令
for
(String redisValue : redisValues) {
redisConnection.rPush(redisKey.getBytes(), redisValue.getBytes());
}
return
null
;
});
}
redis客户端:value是字符串
3、取值
此次取值,返回结果默认是按照 1、配置redisTemplate中配置的JdkSerializationRedisSerializer序列化方式,由于存和取的序列化方式不统一,会产生报错情况。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
public
void
testRedisListPop() {
String redisKey =
"testGoodsKey"
;
// 使用管道从redis list结构中批量获取元素
List<Object> objects = redisTemplate.executePipelined((RedisConnection redisConnection) -> {
// 打开管道
redisConnection.openPipeline();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
2
; i++) {
redisConnection.rPop(redisKey.getBytes());
}
return
null
;
});
System.out.println(objects);
}
报错详情:反序列化失败
org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.SerializationException: Cannot deserialize; nested exception is org.springframework.core.serializer.support.SerializationFailedException: Failed to deserialize payload. Is the byte array a result of corresponding serialization for DefaultDeserializer?; nested exception is java.io.StreamCorruptedException: invalid stream header: 31303030 ... Caused by: org.springframework.core.serializer.support.SerializationFailedException: Failed to deserialize payload. Is the byte array a result of corresponding serialization for DefaultDeserializer?; nested exception is java.io.StreamCorruptedException: invalid stream header: 31303030 at org.springframework.core.serializer.support.DeserializingConverter.convert(DeserializingConverter.java:78) at org.springframework.core.serializer.support.DeserializingConverter.convert(DeserializingConverter.java:36) at org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer.deserialize(JdkSerializationRedisSerializer.java:80) ... 39 more Caused by: java.io.StreamCorruptedException: invalid stream header: 31303030 at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readStreamHeader(ObjectInputStream.java:899) at java.io.ObjectInputStream.<init>(ObjectInputStream.java:357) at org.springframework.core.ConfigurableObjectInputStream.<init>(ConfigurableObjectInputStream.java:63) at org.springframework.core.ConfigurableObjectInputStream.<init>(ConfigurableObjectInputStream.java:49) at org.springframework.core.serializer.DefaultDeserializer.deserialize(DefaultDeserializer.java:68) at org.springframework.core.serializer.support.DeserializingConverter.convert(DeserializingConverter.java:73) ... 41 more
解决办法
1、取值
需要在redisTemplate.executePipelined入参中再加一个参数:redisTemplate.getStringSerializer(),取值成功,解决问题!!
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
public
void
testRedisListPop() {
String redisKey =
"testGoodsKey"
;
// 使用管道从redis list结构中批量获取元素
List<Object> objects = redisTemplate.executePipelined((RedisConnection redisConnection) -> {
// 打开管道
redisConnection.openPipeline();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
2
; i++) {
redisConnection.rPop(redisKey.getBytes());
}
return
null
;
}, redisTemplate.getStringSerializer());
System.out.println(objects);
}
总结
1、使用原生redisTemplate操作数据和redisTemplate回调函数操作数据注意点:
a.原生redisTemplate操作数据
代码
1
2
3
4
5
public
void
testRedisListPush() {
String redisKey =
"testGoodsKey"
;
List<String> redisValues = Arrays.asList(
"10002001"
,
"10002002"
);
redisValues.forEach(redisValue -> redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(redisKey, redisValue));
}
redis客户端数据展示
b.redisTemplate回调函数操作数据
代码
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
public
void
testRedisListPush() {
String redisKey =
"testGoodsKey"
;
List<String> redisValues = Arrays.asList(
"10002001"
,
"10002002"
);
// 使用管道向redis list结构中批量插入元素
redisTemplate.executePipelined((RedisConnection redisConnection) -> {
// 打开管道
redisConnection.openPipeline();
// 给本次管道内添加,一次性执行的多条命令
for
(String redisValue : redisValues) {
redisConnection.rPush(redisKey.getBytes(), redisValue.getBytes());
}
return
null
;
});
}
redis客户端数据展示
c.不同点:
原生redisTemplate操作数据序列化方式是和redis配置统一的,redisTemplate回调函数操作数据序列化方式是自定义的。存值取值是需要注意。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。