简述:Cocoa框架中的NSPredicate用于查询,原理和用法都类似于SQL中的where,作用相当于数据库的过滤取。
定义(最常用到的方法):
- NSPredicate *ca = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:(NSString *), ...];
(1)比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!=
可用于数值及字符串
例:@"number > 100"
(2)范围运算符:IN、BETWEEN
例:@"number BETWEEN {1,5}"
@"address IN {'shanghai','beijing'}"
(3)字符串本身:SELF
例:@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"
(4)字符串相关:BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
例:@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'" //包含某个字符串
@"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'" //以某个字符串开头
@"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'" //以某个字符串结束
注:[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写,也不区分发音符号。
(5)通配符:LIKE
例:@"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'" //*代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
@"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"
(6)正则表达式:MATCHES
例:NSString *regex = @"^A.+e$"; //以A开头,e结尾
@"name MATCHES %@",regex
实际应用:
(1)对NSArray进行过滤
- NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:@"beijing",@"shanghai",@"guangzou",@"wuhan", nil];
- NSString *string = @"ang";
- NSPredicate *pred = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF CONTAINS %@",string];
- NSLog(@"%@",[array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:pred]);
- NSString *regex = @"[A-Za-z]+";
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", regex];
- if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:aString]) {
- }
(3)字符串替换:
- NSError* error = NULL;
- NSRegularExpression* regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"(encoding=\")[^\"]+(\")"
- options:0
- error:&error];
- NSString* sample = @"<xml encoding=\"abc\"></xml><xml encoding=\"def\"></xml><xml encoding=\"ttt\"></xml>";
- NSLog(@"Start:%@",sample);
- NSString* result = [regex stringByReplacingMatchesInString:sample
- options:0
- range:NSMakeRange(0, sample.length)
- withTemplate:@"$1utf-8$2"];
- NSLog(@"Result:%@", result);
(4)截取字符串如下:
- //组装一个字符串,需要把里面的网址解析出来
- NSString *urlString=@"<meta/><link/><title>1Q84 BOOK1</title></head><body>";
- //NSRegularExpression类里面调用表达的方法需要传递一个NSError的参数。下面定义一个
- NSError *error;
- //http+:[^\\s]* 这个表达式是检测一个网址的。(?<=title\>).*(?=</title)截取html文章中的<title></title>中内文字的正则表达式
- NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"(?<=title\\>).*(?=</title)" options:0 error:&error];
- if (regex != nil) {
- NSTextCheckingResult *firstMatch=[regex firstMatchInString:urlString options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [urlString length])];
- if (firstMatch) {
- NSRange resultRange = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];
- //从urlString当中截取数据
- NSString *result=[urlString substringWithRange:resultRange];
- //输出结果
- NSLog(@"->%@<-",result);
- }
- }
(5)判断手机号码,电话号码函数
- // 正则判断手机号码地址格式
- - (BOOL)isMobileNumber:(NSString *)mobileNum
- {
- /**
- * 手机号码
- * 移动:134[0-8],135,136,137,138,139,150,151,157,158,159,182,187,188
- * 联通:130,131,132,152,155,156,185,186
- * 电信:133,1349,153,180,189
- */
- NSString * MOBILE = @"^1(3[0-9]|5[0-35-9]|8[025-9])\\d{8}$";
- /**
- 10 * 中国移动:China Mobile
- 11 * 134[0-8],135,136,137,138,139,150,151,157,158,159,182,187,188
- 12 */
- NSString * CM = @"^1(34[0-8]|(3[5-9]|5[017-9]|8[278])\\d)\\d{7}$";
- /**
- 15 * 中国联通:China Unicom
- 16 * 130,131,132,152,155,156,185,186
- 17 */
- NSString * CU = @"^1(3[0-2]|5[256]|8[56])\\d{8}$";
- /**
- 20 * 中国电信:China Telecom
- 21 * 133,1349,153,180,189
- 22 */
- NSString * CT = @"^1((33|53|8[09])[0-9]|349)\\d{7}$";
- /**
- 25 * 大陆地区固话及小灵通
- 26 * 区号:010,020,021,022,023,024,025,027,028,029
- 27 * 号码:七位或八位
- 28 */
- // NSString * PHS = @"^0(10|2[0-5789]|\\d{3})\\d{7,8}$";
- NSPredicate *regextestmobile = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", MOBILE];
- NSPredicate *regextestcm = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CM];
- NSPredicate *regextestcu = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CU];
- NSPredicate *regextestct = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", CT];
- if (([regextestmobile evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- || ([regextestcm evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- || ([regextestct evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES)
- || ([regextestcu evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES))
- {
- if([regextestcm evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES) {
- NSLog(@"China Mobile");
- } else if([regextestct evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES) {
- NSLog(@"China Telecom");
- } else if ([regextestcu evaluateWithObject:mobileNum] == YES) {
- NSLog(@"China Unicom");
- } else {
- NSLog(@"Unknow");
- }
- return YES;
- }
- else
- {
- return NO;
- }
- }
(6)邮箱验证、电话号码验证:
- //是否是有效的正则表达式
- +(BOOL)isValidateRegularExpression:(NSString *)strDestination byExpression:(NSString *)strExpression
- {
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicatepredicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", strExpression];
- return [predicate evaluateWithObject:strDestination];
- }
- //验证email
- +(BOOL)isValidateEmail:(NSString *)email {
- NSString *strRegex = @"[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{1,5}";
- BOOL rt = [CommonTools isValidateRegularExpression:email byExpression:strRegex];
- return rt;
- }
- //验证电话号码
- +(BOOL)isValidateTelNumber:(NSString *)number {
- NSString *strRegex = @"[0-9]{1,20}";
- BOOL rt = [CommonTools isValidateRegularExpression:number byExpression:strRegex];
- return rt;
- }
(7)NSDate进行筛选
- //日期在十天之内:
- NSDate *endDate = [[NSDate date] retain];
- NSTimeInterval timeInterval= [endDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];
- timeInterval -=3600*24*10;
- NSDate *beginDate = [[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceReferenceDate:timeInterval] retain];
- //对coredata进行筛选(假设有fetchRequest)
- NSPredicate *predicate_date =
- [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"date >= %@ AND date <= %@", beginDate,endDate];
- [fetchRequest setPredicate:predicate_date];
- //释放retained的对象
- [endDate release];
- [beginDate release];
- 简单的实例
- 计算谓词:
- //基本的查询
- NSPredicate *predicate;
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name == 'Herbie'"];
- BOOL match = [predicate evaluateWithObject: car];
- NSLog (@"%s", (match) ? "YES" : "NO");
- //在整个cars里面循环比较
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > 150"];
- NSArray *cars = [garage cars];
- for (Car *car in [garage cars]) {
- if ([predicate evaluateWithObject: car]) {
- NSLog (@"%@", car.name);
- }
- }
- //输出完整的信息
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > 150"];
- NSArray *results;
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- //含有变量的谓词
- NSPredicate *predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name == $NAME"];
- NSDictionary *varDict;
- varDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
- @"Herbie", @"NAME", nil];
- predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];
- NSLog(@"SNORGLE: %@", predicate);
- match = [predicate evaluateWithObject: car];
- NSLog (@"%s", (match) ? "YES" : "NO");
- //注意不能使用$VARIABLE作为路径名,因为它值代表值
- //谓词字符窜还支持c语言中一些常用的运算符
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
- @"(engine.horsepower > 50) AND (engine.horsepower < 200)"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"oop %@", results);
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name < 'Newton'"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
- //强大的数组运算符
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
- @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN { 50, 200 }"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- NSArray *betweens = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
- [NSNumber numberWithInt: 50], [NSNumber numberWithInt: 200], nil];
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN %@", betweens];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN $POWERS"];
- varDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: betweens, @"POWERS", nil];
- predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- //IN运算符
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF.name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
- names = [cars valueForKey: @"name"];
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
- results = [names filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];//这里限制了SELF的范围
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- //BEGINSWITH,ENDSWITH,CONTAINS
- //附加符号,[c],[d],[cd],c表示不区分大小写,d表示不区分发音字符,cd表示什么都不区分
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH 'Bad'"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH 'HERB'"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH[cd] 'HERB'"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- //LIKE运算符(通配符)
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
- predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"];
- results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
- NSLog (@"%@", results);
NSPredicate 用于指定过滤条件,主要用于从集合中分拣出符合条件的对象,也可以用于字符串的正则匹配。
NSPredicate常用方法介绍
- 1.创建NSPredicate(相当于创建一个过滤条件)
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"过滤条件"];
- 2.判断指定的对象是否满足NSPredicate创建的过滤条件
- [predicate evaluateWithObject:person];
- 3.过滤出符合条件的对象(返回所有符合条件的对象)
- NSArray *persons = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
实例:(以下为伪代码,只为讲解问题)
- 1.先创建一个person对象
- @interface Person: NSObject{
- NSString *name;
- int age;
- }
- 2.创建一个数组,在数组种加入多个person对象
- NSArray *array=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:person1,person2,person3,person4,...,nil];
- 3.使用NSPredicate来过滤array种的person
- a.找出array种age小于20的person
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"age < 20"];
- for(Person *person in array){
- if([predicate evaluateWithObject:person]){ //判断指定的对象是否满足
- //........................
- }
- }
- NSArray *persons = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];//获取所有age小于20的person
使用方法主要就这几步,以下讲一些常用的NSpredicate的条件
1.逻辑运算符号 > , < , = , >= , <= 都能使用在这里
运算符还可以跟逻辑运算符一起使用,&& , || ,AND, OR 谓词不区分大小写
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"age > 20"];
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name > @"abc" && age > 10];
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name > @"abc" OR age > 10];
- <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><p class="p1">
- </p>
2.IN
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name IN {'abc' , 'def' , '123'}"];
3.以xx开头 --beginswith
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name BEGINSWITH 'N'"];//name以N打头的person
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name ENDSWITH 'N'"];//name以N结尾的person
5.包含 -- contains
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name CONTAINS 'N'"]; <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">//name种包含'N的person</span>
6.模糊查询--like
- NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name LIKE '*N*'"];//<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.44444465637207px; line-height: 26px;">*表示零个或多个字符</span>
7.以上说的都是对象种的属性匹配,如果数组种都是字符串如何匹配--self
- NSArray *array=[NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"abc", @"def", @"ghi",@"jkl", nil nil];
- NSPredicate *pre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF=='abc'"];
- NSArray *array2 = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:pre];
8.正则表达式
- (8.) 正则表达式:
- NSPredicate 使用MATCHES 匹配正则表达式,正则表达式的写法采用international components
- for Unicode (ICU)的正则语法。
- 例:
- NSString *regex = @"^A.+e$";//以A 开头,以e 结尾的字符。
- NSPredicate *pre= [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", regex];
- if([pre evaluateWithObject: @"Apple"]){
- printf("YES\n");
- }else{
- printf("NO\n");
- }