从0搭建RAC实验环境（二）

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最新推荐文章于 2021-08-23 21:37:32 发布

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分类专栏： ORACLE--RAC ORACLE--安装备份恢复

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013820054/article/details/39239273

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配置操作体系篇

1、添加需要的组及用户

groupadd  -g 200 oinstall
groupadd  -g 201 dba
groupadd  -g 202 oper
groupadd  -g 203 asmadmin
groupadd  -g 204 asmoper
groupadd  -g 205 asmdba
useradd -u 200 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
useradd -u 201 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid

asmadmin用户组：该用户组具有sysasm权限，可以管理oracle clusterware和oracle asm的权限需求，如果grid用户没有asmadmin权限，将无法操作asm disk group。
asmdba用户组：该用户组具有读写和访问asm文件的权限，oracle用户组和GI用户都必须拥有这个权限，如果oracle用户没有asmdba权限，将无法使用asm上的文件，也就无法启动数据库。
asmoper用户组：该组和oper用户组类似都是额外的用户组，asmoper用户具有asm的sysoper权限，可以启动和关闭asm实例，默认情况下asmadmin用户就具有了asmoper用户组权限。

注意的oracle用户必须有asmdba权限，不然oracle数据库无法去读取asm上的文件，而无法启动数据库，而grid用户如果没有dba权限，则无法通过crs启动oracle database资源，关于权限的细化分析可以参考o的官档。

2、创建所需目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory/
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory/
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

3、设置环境变量

Oracle环境变量  .bash_profile
export EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_SID=fyl1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
umask 022

grid 环境变量  .bash_profile
export EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
umask 022不同节点copy时注意改ORACLE_SID

</pre><pre name="code" class="html">注意在不同节点粘贴时，修改ORACLE_SID。例如2节点，ORACLE_SID=fyl2

4、配置主机host文件

[root@rac2 ~]# more /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

192.168.6.21     rac1
192.168.6.22     rac1-vip
10.10.10.1       rac1-priv

192.168.6.31     rac2
192.168.6.32     rac2-vip
10.10.10.2       rac2-priv

192.168.6.41     rac-scan

5、修改内核参数及限制

[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf                ------文件最后加一下内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

[root@rac1 ~]# sysctl –p                         ---------使文件立即生效

[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
oracle              soft    stack   10240
grid              soft    nproc   2047
grid              hard    nproc   16384
grid              soft    nofile  1024
grid              hard    nofile  65536
grid              soft    stack   10240
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so                      -----使limits.so生效
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
                ulimit -p 16384
                ulimit -n 65536
        else
                ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi

[root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig ntpd off             ----关掉ntp服务，使用crs的ctss同步时间
[root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig sendmail off
[root@rac1 ~]# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak

6、配置节点间信任关系

Oracle 用户下rac1/rac2下同时运行 生成密钥文件

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ mkdir .ssh
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
c1:20:05:00:ae:9c:b3:18:b5:ca:f9:77:e8:9e:54:42 oracle@rac1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
d2:7d:92:82:17:d1:d2:33:0c:c3:02:3b:dc:8d:9b:fc oracle@rac1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd .ssh
[oracle@rac1 .ssh]$ ls
id_dsa  id_dsa.pub  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub
[oracle@rac1 .ssh]$ cd 

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ssh rac2 cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ssh rac2 cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ scp .ssh/authorized_keys rac2:~/.ssh

测试信任关系（必须全部测试除了VIP地址、两节点都需要执行）
ssh rac2 date	
ssh rac2-priv date
ssh rac1-priv date
ssh rac1 date

grid用户重复以上工作(两个节点同时运行)
[grid@rac1 ~]$ mkdir .ssh
[grid@rac1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
[grid@rac1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa

[grid@rac1 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys
[grid@rac1 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys
[grid@rac1 ~]$ ssh rac2 cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys
[grid@rac1 ~]$ ssh rac2 cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys
[grid@rac1 ~]$ scp .ssh/authorized_keys rac2:~/.ssh
测试信任关系（必须全部测试除了VIP地址、两节点都需要执行）
ssh rac2 date	
ssh rac2-priv date
ssh rac1-priv date
ssh rac1 date

7、解决共享磁盘问题

两节点一起加载一块20G共享磁盘
确保两节点fdisk –l 都可以查看到
Rac1对磁盘分区

[root@rac1 tmp]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2610    20860402+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

[root@rac1 tmp]# fdisk /dev/sdb

分区后结果，两节点查看
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         250     2008093+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             251         500     2008125   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             501         750     2008125   83  Linux
/dev/sdb4             751        1249     4008217+   5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             751        1249     4008186   83  Linux

编辑文件
[root@rac1 rules.d]# pwd
/etc/udev/rules.d
[root@rac1 rules.d]# more 60-raw.rules 
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
#   ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
#   ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb3", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb4", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb5", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"
                                              
ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="120", ENV{MINOR}=="1901", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %M %m"
ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="120", ENV{MINOR}=="1902", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="120", ENV{MINOR}=="1903", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %M %m"
ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="120", ENV{MINOR}=="1904", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %M %m"
ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="120", ENV{MINOR}=="1905", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw[1-5]",owner="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="660"

 [root@rac2 ~]# start_udev
Starting udev: [  OK  ]
 [root@rac2 ~]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw1:  bound to major 8, minor 17
/dev/raw/raw2:  bound to major 8, minor 18
/dev/raw/raw3:  bound to major 8, minor 19
/dev/raw/raw4:  bound to major 8, minor 20
/dev/raw/raw5:  bound to major 8, minor 21

8、利用udev解决共享存储

http://www.oracledatabase12g.com/?s=udev

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/7433344

还可以使用asmlib及多路径软件Multipath实现共享存储

9、检测grid安装环境，并yum加载缺失的包

[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh  stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -fixup –verbose
配置yum，加载检测“failed”的包
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# cp rhel-debuginfo.repo yum.repo
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# vi yum.repo
[base]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux
baseurl=file:///media/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /media
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y sysstat*
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y libaio*
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y unix*