TensorFlow学习二：MNIST机器学习入门

"""建立MNIST网络.

实现模型的预测/计算误差/训练等模式.

1. 预测 - 建立模型做前向预测.
2. 计算误差 - 用于计算误差的层.
3. 训练 - 利用计算得到的梯度对模型进行优化.
"""

import mnist.input_data #注意import路径，需要将tensorflow中mnist文件夹当前目录
mnist = mnist.input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)
print mnist.train.images.shape, mnist.validation.images.shape, mnist.test.images.shape

import tensorflow as tf
sess = tf.InteractiveSession()

x = tf.placeholder('float', shape=[None, 784]) #输入
y_ = tf.placeholder('float', shape=[None, 10]) #输出

def weight_variable(shape): #用于初始化权重
  initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
  return tf.Variable(initial)

def bias_variable(shape): #用于初始化偏置
  initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
  return tf.Variable(initial)

def conv2d(x, W): #进行卷积操作， 步长，编辑等等都为默认值
  return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')

def max_pool_2x2(x): #进行池化降维，采用的默认设置
  return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                        strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')

W_conv1 = weight_variable([5, 5, 1, 32]) #第一个卷积层
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])

x_image = tf.reshape(x, [-1,28,28,1]) #输入tensor：x_image

h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1)
h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1) #输出tensor： h_pool1

W_conv12 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 32])
b_conv12 = bias_variable([32])

h_conv12 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1, W_conv12) + b_conv12)

W_conv2 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 64])
b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])

h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_conv12, W_conv2) + b_conv2)
h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)

W_fc1 = weight_variable([7 * 7 * 64, 1024])
b_fc1 = bias_variable([1024])

h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool2, [-1, 7*7*64])
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)

keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
h_fc1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1, keep_prob)

W_fc2 = weight_variable([1024, 10])
b_fc2 = bias_variable([10])

y_conv = tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop, W_fc2) + b_fc2

cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(
    tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_, logits=y_conv))
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_conv,1), tf.argmax(y_,1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
for i in range(20000):
  batch = mnist.train.next_batch(50)
  if i%100 == 0:
    train_accuracy = accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
        x:batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 1.0})
    print("step %d, training accuracy %g"%(i, train_accuracy))
  train_step.run(feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 0.5})

print("test accuracy %g"%accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
    x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels, keep_prob: 1.0}))