@Configuration注解、@Bean注解以及配置自动扫描、bean作用域

    <h1 class="csdn_top">Spring整理系列(11)——@Configuration注解、@Bean注解以及配置自动扫描、bean作用域</h1>
    <div class="article_bar clearfix">
        <div class="artical_tag">
            <span class="original">
            原创                </span>
            <span class="time">2016年08月11日 15:16:16</span>
        </div>

        <ul class="article_tags clearfix csdn-tracking-statistics tracking-click" data-mod="popu_377" _vimium-has-onclick-listener="">
            <li class="tit">标签：</li>

• spring /
• 
  
  
  • 
    
  • 23784
  • 
    
    编辑
    
    
  • 
    
    删除
    
    
  
  
  
  
  

  
  

  1、@Configuration标注在类上，相当于把该类作为spring的xml配置文件中的<beans>，作用为：配置spring容器(应用上下文)

  package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
  
  @Configuration
  public class TestConfiguration {
      public TestConfiguration(){
          System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。");
      }
  }
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8

  相当于：

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
      xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
      xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false">
  
  
  </beans>
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15

  主方法进行测试：

  package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
  
  public class TestMain {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
  
          //@Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式，用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
          ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
  
          //如果加载spring-context.xml文件：
          //ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
      }
  }
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
  10
  11
  12

  从运行主方法结果可以看出，spring容器已经启动了：

  八月 11, 2016 12:04:11 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext prepareRefresh
  信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@203e25d3: startup date [Thu Aug 11 12:04:11 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
  spring容器启动初始化。。。
   
   
  1
  2
  3

  
  
  
  2、@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法)，等价于spring的xml配置文件中的<bean>，作用为：注册bean对象

  bean类：

  package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
  
  public class TestBean {
  
      public void sayHello(){
          System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
      }
  
      public String toString(){
          return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password;
      }
  
      public void start(){
          System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
      }
  
      public void cleanUp(){
          System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
      }
  }
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20

  配置类：

  package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
  
  @Configuration
  public class TestConfiguration {
          public TestConfiguration(){
              System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。");
          }
  
      //@Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
      //@Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
      @Bean
      @Scope("prototype")
      public TestBean testBean() {
          return new TestBean();
      }
  }
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16

  主方法测试类：

  package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
  
  public class TestMain {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
          //获取bean
          TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean");
          tb.sayHello();
      }
  }
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
  10

  
  注：
  (1)、@Bean注解在返回实例的方法上，如果未通过@Bean指定bean的名称，则默认与标注的方法名相同；
  
  (2)、@Bean注解默认作用域为单例singleton作用域，可通过@Scope(“prototype”)设置为原型作用域；
  
  (3)、既然@Bean的作用是注册bean对象，那么完全可以使用@Component、@Controller、@Service、@Ripository等注解注册bean，当然需要配置@ComponentScan注解进行自动扫描。

  bean类：

  package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
  
  //添加注册bean的注解
  @Component
  public class TestBean {
  
      public void sayHello(){
          System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
      }
  
      public String toString(){
          return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password;
      }
  }
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14

  配置类：

  @Configuration
  
  //添加自动扫描注解，basePackages为TestBean包路径
  @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.test.spring.support.configuration")
  public class TestConfiguration {
      public TestConfiguration(){
          System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。");
      }
  
      //取消@Bean注解注册bean的方式
      //@Bean
      //@Scope("prototype")
      //public TestBean testBean() {
      //  return new TestBean();
      //}
  }
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16

  主方法测试获取bean对象：

  public class TestMain {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
          //获取bean
          TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean");
          tb.sayHello();
      }
  }
   
   
  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8

  sayHello()方法都被正常调用。