(三)解析注解
1. 注解处理器
何为解析注解?即通过反射获取类、函数或成员上的
运行时注解信息,从而实现动态控制程序运行的逻辑。
解析注解主要用到两个类库:
1.1. java.lang.annotation.Annotation
Java使用Annotation接口来代表程序元素前面的注解,该接口是所有Annotation类型的父接口。
1.2. java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement
AnnotatedElement 接口代表程序中可以接受注解的程序元素,是所有程序元素(Class、Method
、Field、Package和Constructor)的父接口。获取该接口对象之后,即可以调用对象方法来访问Annotation信息,常用有如下几个:
1. getAnnotations():返回该程序元素上存在的所有注解。
2. isAnnotationPresent(annotation.class):判断该程序元素上是否包含指定类型的注解
3. getDeclaredAnnotations():返回直接存在于此元素上的所有注释。与此接口中的其他方法不同,该方法将忽略继承的注释。
2. 解析注解的代码例子
定义一个注解如下:
- package jtzeng;
- import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
- import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
- import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
- import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
- import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
- import java.lang.annotation.Target;
- @Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Inherited
- @Documented
- public @interface Description {
- String desc();
- String author() default "JTZeng";
- int age() default 21;
- }
package jtzeng;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface Description {
String desc();
String author() default "JTZeng";
int age() default 21;
}
定义一个使用了注解的Test类:
- package jtzeng;
- @Description(desc="this is ElementType.TYPE",author="JTZeng",age=21)
- public class Test1 {
- @Description(desc="this is ElementType.METHOD",author="JTZeng",age=18)
- public void run(){
- System.out.println("I can run!");
- }
- }
package jtzeng;
@Description(desc="this is ElementType.TYPE",author="JTZeng",age=21)
public class Test1 {
@Description(desc="this is ElementType.METHOD",author="JTZeng",age=18)
public void run(){
System.out.println("I can run!");
}
}
再编写一个解析类:
- package jtzeng;
- import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- public class ParseAnno {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- try {
- /*
- * 1.使用类加载器加载类
- * Class.forName("类名字符串") (注意:类名字符串必须是全称,包名+类名)
- */
- Class c = Class.forName("jtzeng.Test1");
- //2.判断类上是否存在注解,并获取类上面注解的实例
- if(c.isAnnotationPresent(Description.class)){
- Description Description = (Description) c.getAnnotation(Description.class);
- System.out.println(Description.desc());
- System.out.println(Description.author());
- System.out.println(Description.age());
- }
- //3.判断方法上是否存在注解,并获取方法上面注解的实例
- Method[] ms = c.getMethods();
- for (Method method : ms) {
- if(method.isAnnotationPresent(Description.class)){
- Description Description = (Description)method.getAnnotation(Description.class);
- System.out.println(Description.desc());
- System.out.println(Description.author());
- System.out.println(Description.age());
- }
- }
- //另一种获取方法上的注解的解析方法
- for (Method method : ms) {
- Annotation[] as = method.getAnnotations();
- for (Annotation annotation : as) {
- if(annotation instanceof Description){
- System.out.println(((Description) annotation).desc());
- System.out.println(((Description) annotation).author());
- System.out.println(((Description) annotation).age());
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
package jtzeng;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class ParseAnno {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
/*
* 1.使用类加载器加载类
* Class.forName("类名字符串") (注意:类名字符串必须是全称,包名+类名)
*/
Class c = Class.forName("jtzeng.Test1");
//2.判断类上是否存在注解,并获取类上面注解的实例
if(c.isAnnotationPresent(Description.class)){
Description Description = (Description) c.getAnnotation(Description.class);
System.out.println(Description.desc());
System.out.println(Description.author());
System.out.println(Description.age());
}
//3.判断方法上是否存在注解,并获取方法上面注解的实例
Method[] ms = c.getMethods();
for (Method method : ms) {
if(method.isAnnotationPresent(Description.class)){
Description Description = (Description)method.getAnnotation(Description.class);
System.out.println(Description.desc());
System.out.println(Description.author());
System.out.println(Description.age());
}
}
//另一种获取方法上的注解的解析方法
for (Method method : ms) {
Annotation[] as = method.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : as) {
if(annotation instanceof Description){
System.out.println(((Description) annotation).desc());
System.out.println(((Description) annotation).author());
System.out.println(((Description) annotation).age());
}
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行解析类,结果如下,有三部分,第一部分是类上的注解,第二、三部分是不同的方法解析方法上的注解:
3.测试元注解@Retention
如果把@Retention改为SOURCE或者CLASS,再次运行ParseAnno类:
运行结果如下,什么也没有,这进一步说明了,只有设置为RUNTIME,才可以在运行时通过反射机制来获取注解信息,从而实现动态控制程序运行的逻辑。
4. 测试元注解@Inherited
创建一个接口和一个父类,并改写Test1类:
- package jtzeng;
- @Description(desc = "this is Interface") //因为注解Description中的author和age成员有默认值,所以可以省略
- public interface Invalid {
- @Description(desc = "this is Interface method")
- public void print();
- }
- package jtzeng;
- @Description(desc = "this is class")
- public class Valid {
- @Description(desc = "this is class method")
- public void run(){
- System.out.println("注解继承只能在子类中有效,不能在接口中继承");
- }
- }
- package jtzeng;
- public class Test1 extends Valid implements Invalid {
- @Override
- public void run(){
- System.out.println("覆盖父类的方法");
- }
- @Override
- public void print() {
- System.out.println("实现接口的方法");
- }
- }
package jtzeng;
@Description(desc = "this is Interface") //因为注解Description中的author和age成员有默认值,所以可以省略
public interface Invalid {
@Description(desc = "this is Interface method")
public void print();
}
package jtzeng;
@Description(desc = "this is class")
public class Valid {
@Description(desc = "this is class method")
public void run(){
System.out.println("注解继承只能在子类中有效,不能在接口中继承");
}
}
package jtzeng;
public class Test1 extends Valid implements Invalid {
@Override
public void run(){
System.out.println("覆盖父类的方法");
}
@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println("实现接口的方法");
}
}
再一次运行ParseAnno解析类,输出结果如下,说明只能继承父类的注解,并且是类上的注解:
5. 知识导图
最后给出一张Java注解的知识导图,觉得总结得不错,这里就直接拿来了,导图来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/peida/archive/2013/04/26/3038503.html
(四)注解反射生成SQL语句
1.任务说明
①有一张用户表,字段包括:用户ID、用户名、昵称、年龄、性别、所在城市、邮箱、手机号;
②使用java注解来对用户表的每个字段或字段的组合条件进行动态生成SQL查询语句。
2.代码实现
2.1 定义注解
定义一个描述用户表的注解:
- package dao;
- import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
- import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
- import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
- import java.lang.annotation.Target;
- @Target({ElementType.TYPE})
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- public @interface Table {
- String value();
- }
package dao;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Table {
String value();
}
- package dao;
- import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
- import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
- import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
- import java.lang.annotation.Target;
- @Target({ElementType.FIELD})
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- public @interface Column {
- String value();
- }
package dao;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Column {
String value();
}
用户表,字段包括:用户ID、用户名、昵称、年龄、性别、所在城市、邮箱、手机号:
- package dao;
- @Table("user")
- public class User {
- @Column("id")
- private int id;
- @Column("user_name")
- private String userName;
- @Column("nick_name")
- private String nickName;
- @Column("age")
- private int age;
- @Column("city")
- private String city;
- @Column("email")
- private String email;
- @Column("mobile")
- private String mobile;
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getUserName() {
- return userName;
- }
- public void setUserName(String userName) {
- this.userName = userName;
- }
- public String getNickName() {
- return nickName;
- }
- public void setNickName(String nickName) {
- this.nickName = nickName;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public String getCity() {
- return city;
- }
- public void setCity(String city) {
- this.city = city;
- }
- public String getEmail() {
- return email;
- }
- public void setEmail(String email) {
- this.email = email;
- }
- public String getMobile() {
- return mobile;
- }
- public void setMobile(String mobile) {
- this.mobile = mobile;
- }
- }
package dao;
@Table("user")
public class User {
@Column("id")
private int id;
@Column("user_name")
private String userName;
@Column("nick_name")
private String nickName;
@Column("age")
private int age;
@Column("city")
private String city;
@Column("email")
private String email;
@Column("mobile")
private String mobile;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getNickName() {
return nickName;
}
public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName = nickName;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getMobile() {
return mobile;
}
public void setMobile(String mobile) {
this.mobile = mobile;
}
}
- package dao;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- public class ReturnQuery {
- public static String query(Object u){
- StringBuilder sqlStrBuilder = new StringBuilder();
- //1.获取到Class
- Class c = u.getClass();
- //判断是否包含Table类型的注解
- if(!c.isAnnotationPresent(Table.class)){
- return null;
- }
- //2.获取到table的名字
- Table t = (Table) c.getAnnotation(Table.class);
- String tableName = t.value();
- //加入 where 1=1 ,是为了防止未来如果没有条件的情况下也不会报错
- sqlStrBuilder.append("select * from ").append(tableName).append(" where 1=1");
- Field[] fArray = c.getDeclaredFields(); //获取类属性的所有字段,
- //3.遍历所有的字段
- for (Field field : fArray) {
- //4.处理每个字段对应的sql
- //判断是否包含Column类型的注解
- if(!field.isAnnotationPresent(Column.class)){
- continue;
- }
- //4.1.拿到字段上面注解的值,即Column注解的值
- Column column = field.getAnnotation(Column.class);
- String columnName = column.value();
- //4.2.拿到字段的名
- String filedName = field.getName();
- //获取相应字段的getXXX()方法
- String getMethodName = "get" + filedName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
- + filedName.substring(1);
- //字段的值
- Object fieldValue = null;//属性有int、String等,所以定义为Object类
- try {
- Method getMethod = c.getMethod(getMethodName);
- fieldValue = getMethod.invoke(u);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- //4.3.拼接sql
- if(fieldValue==null || (fieldValue instanceof Integer && (Integer)fieldValue==0)){
- continue;
- }
- sqlStrBuilder.append(" and ").append(filedName);
- if(fieldValue instanceof String){
- if(((String)fieldValue).contains(",")){
- String[] values = ((String)fieldValue).split(",");
- sqlStrBuilder.append(" in(");
- for (String v : values) {
- sqlStrBuilder.append("'").append(v).append("'").append(",");
- }
- sqlStrBuilder.deleteCharAt(sqlStrBuilder.length()-1);
- sqlStrBuilder.append(")");
- }
- else{
- sqlStrBuilder.append("=").append("'").append(fieldValue).append("'");
- }
- }
- else if(fieldValue instanceof Integer){
- sqlStrBuilder.append("=").append(fieldValue);
- }
- }
- return sqlStrBuilder.toString();
- }
- }
package dao;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class ReturnQuery {
public static String query(Object u){
StringBuilder sqlStrBuilder = new StringBuilder();
//1.获取到Class
Class c = u.getClass();
//判断是否包含Table类型的注解
if(!c.isAnnotationPresent(Table.class)){
return null;
}
//2.获取到table的名字
Table t = (Table) c.getAnnotation(Table.class);
String tableName = t.value();
//加入 where 1=1 ,是为了防止未来如果没有条件的情况下也不会报错
sqlStrBuilder.append("select * from ").append(tableName).append(" where 1=1");
Field[] fArray = c.getDeclaredFields(); //获取类属性的所有字段,
//3.遍历所有的字段
for (Field field : fArray) {
//4.处理每个字段对应的sql
//判断是否包含Column类型的注解
if(!field.isAnnotationPresent(Column.class)){
continue;
}
//4.1.拿到字段上面注解的值,即Column注解的值
Column column = field.getAnnotation(Column.class);
String columnName = column.value();
//4.2.拿到字段的名
String filedName = field.getName();
//获取相应字段的getXXX()方法
String getMethodName = "get" + filedName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
+ filedName.substring(1);
//字段的值
Object fieldValue = null;//属性有int、String等,所以定义为Object类
try {
Method getMethod = c.getMethod(getMethodName);
fieldValue = getMethod.invoke(u);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//4.3.拼接sql
if(fieldValue==null || (fieldValue instanceof Integer && (Integer)fieldValue==0)){
continue;
}
sqlStrBuilder.append(" and ").append(filedName);
if(fieldValue instanceof String){
if(((String)fieldValue).contains(",")){
String[] values = ((String)fieldValue).split(",");
sqlStrBuilder.append(" in(");
for (String v : values) {
sqlStrBuilder.append("'").append(v).append("'").append(",");
}
sqlStrBuilder.deleteCharAt(sqlStrBuilder.length()-1);
sqlStrBuilder.append(")");
}
else{
sqlStrBuilder.append("=").append("'").append(fieldValue).append("'");
}
}
else if(fieldValue instanceof Integer){
sqlStrBuilder.append("=").append(fieldValue);
}
}
return sqlStrBuilder.toString();
}
}
- package dao;
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- User u1 = new User();
- u1.setId(9); //查询id为9的用户
- User u2 = new User();
- u2.setUserName("JTZeng"); //模糊查询用户名为JTZeng的用户
- u2.setAge(21);
- User u3 = new User();
- u3.setEmail("123@163.com,123@qq.com"); //查询邮箱有任意一个的用户
- String sql1 = ReturnQuery.query(u1); //查询id为9的用户
- String sql2 = ReturnQuery.query(u2); //查询用户名为JTZeng和年龄为21的用户
- String sql3 = ReturnQuery.query(u3); //查询邮箱中有任意一个的用户
- System.out.println(sql1);
- System.out.println(sql2);
- System.out.println(sql3);
- }
- }
package dao;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User u1 = new User();
u1.setId(9); //查询id为9的用户
User u2 = new User();
u2.setUserName("JTZeng"); //模糊查询用户名为JTZeng的用户
u2.setAge(21);
User u3 = new User();
u3.setEmail("123@163.com,123@qq.com"); //查询邮箱有任意一个的用户
String sql1 = ReturnQuery.query(u1); //查询id为9的用户
String sql2 = ReturnQuery.query(u2); //查询用户名为JTZeng和年龄为21的用户
String sql3 = ReturnQuery.query(u3); //查询邮箱中有任意一个的用户
System.out.println(sql1);
System.out.println(sql2);
System.out.println(sql3);
}
}
输出结果如下: