如何实现Samba文件共享服务

目标：实现Samba文件共享服务 试验环境：两台主机服务端：192.168.56.11客户端：192.168.56.12

配置用户认证共享

服务端操作：

1.关闭防火墙，关闭selunix

[root@hejie ~]# setenforce 0
[root@hejie ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

2.安装软件包

[root@hejie ~]# yum install samba-* -y

3.启动smb服务并设置开机自启

[root@hejie ~]# systemctl start smb
[root@hejie ~]# systemctl enable smb 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service.

关于Samba的配置文件

[root@hejie ~]# grep -Ev '^#|^$' /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]                            //全局参数      
 workgroup = SAMBA    //工作组名称  非常重要
 security = user              //安全验证方式，总共四种
                                        //share：无需验证身份，简单方便，安全性差
                                        //user：需要验证用户密码才可以访问，安全性高
                                        //server：需要通过三方服务器验证账号密码，（集中管理账户）
                                        //domain：使用域控制器进行身份验证      
 passdb backend = tdbsam    //定义用户后台的类型，共有三种
                                                //smbpasswd：为系统用户设置Samba服务程序的密码
                                                //tdbsam：创建数据库文件并使用pdbedit命令建立Samba服务程序的用户
                                                //ldapsam：基于LDAP服务进行账户验证
 printing = cups                      //设置Samba共享打印机的类型
 printcap name = cups            //设置共享打印机的配置文件
 load printers = yes                //设置在Samba服务启动时是否共享打印机设备
 cups options = raw                //打印机的选项
[homes]                                  //共享参数
 comment = Home Directories    //描述信息
 valid users = %S, %D%w%S    //允许访问该共享的用户
 browseable = No                        //指定共享信息是否可见
 read only = No
 inherit acls = Yes
[printers]
 comment = All Printers        任意字符串
 path = /var/tmp                    共享目录路径
 printable = Yes                    
 create mask = 0600            
 browseable = No                  指定该共享是否可以浏览
[print$]
 comment = Printer Drivers
 path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
 write list = root                        允许写入该共享的用户
 create mask = 0664
 directory mask = 0775

4.添加用户"zhengran"，不创建家目录，并设置密码。

[root@hejie ~]# useradd -M zhengran
[root@hejie ~]# smbpasswd -a zhengran
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user zhengran.

假设这里映射"zhengran"用户为share用户，那么就要在/etc/samba/smbusers文件中添加如下内容：

[root@hejie ~]# echo 'zhengran = share' > /etc/samba/smbusers

5.在全局配置中添加如下内容：

[root@hejie ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
        workgroup = SAMBA
        security = user
        username map = /etc/samba/smbusers      //添加此行内容
        passdb backend = tdbsam

6.创建一个共享目录“zhengran”，并更改其属主属组为用户“zhengran”

[root@hejie ~]# mkdir /opt/zhengran
[root@hejie ~]# chown -R zhengran.zhengran /opt/zhengran/
[root@hejie ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 zhengran zhengran 6 Aug 7 17:22 zhengran

7.配置共享

[root@hejie ~]# cat >> /etc/samba/smb.conf < [zhengran]    //共享名
> comment = zhengranwoaini    //注释信息
> path = /opt/zhengran                //共享目录路径
> browseable = yes                    //指定该共享是否可以浏览
> guest ok = yes                        //指定该共享是否允许guset账户访问
> writable = yes                          //指定目录是否可写
> write list = share          //允许写入该共享的用户，组要用@表示，例如：
                                                write list = root，@root      
> public = yes                          //是否允许匿名访问
> EOF

8.用testparm检查配置文件是否有语法错误，可显示最终生效的配置

[root@hejie ~]# testparm
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf
rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384)
Processing section "[homes]"
Processing section "[printers]"
Processing section "[print$]"
Processing section "[zhengran]"
Loaded services file OK.
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE

Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions
# Global parameters
[global]
 workgroup = SAMBA
 printcap name = cups
 security = USER
 username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
 idmap config * : backend = tdb
 cups options = raw

[homes]
 comment = Home Directories
 browseable = No
 inherit acls = Yes
 read only = No
 valid users = %S %D%w%S

[printers]
 comment = All Printers
 path = /var/tmp
 browseable = No
 printable = Yes
 create mask = 0600

[print$]
 comment = Printer Drivers
 path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
 create mask = 0664
 directory mask = 0775
 write list = root

[zhengran]
 comment = zhengranwoaini
 path = /opt/zhengran
 guest ok = Yes
 read only = No
 write list = share

9.重启smb服务

 [root@hejie ~]# systemctl restart smb

客户端上操作：

1.安装工具包

 [root@hyj ~]#  yum install samba-client cifs-utils -y

在客户机查看samba服务端有哪些共享资源

[root@hyj ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.56.11 -U share
    Enter SAMBA\share's password: 
    Sharename Type Comment
    --------- ---- -------
    print$ Disk Printer Drivers
    zhengran Disk zhengranwoaini
    IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.6.2)
    Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
    Server Comment
    --------- -------
    Workgroup Master
    --------- -------

3.创建目录，并将samba服务器的共享资源zhengran挂载到客户机本地

[root@hyj ~]# mkdir /opt/ran
[root@hyj ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.56.11/zhengran /opt/ran -o username=share,password=123
[root@hyj ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/CentOS-root 17G 1016M 16G 6% /
devtmpfs 982M 0 982M 0% /dev
tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 993M 8.5M 984M 1% /run
tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 125M 890M 13% /boot
tmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/0
//192.168.56.11/zhengran 47G 5.4G 42G 12% /opt/ran

4.在客户机挂载点创建新文件

[root@hyj ~]# cd /opt/ran/
[root@hyj ran]# touch 1 2 3
[root@hyj ran]# ls
1 2 3

5.在服务器上验证

[root@hejie ~]# cd /opt/zhengran/
[root@hejie zhengran]# ls
1 2 3

配置匿名共享

服务端

1.修改配置文件

[root@hejie ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
        workgroup = SAMBA
        security = user
        map to guest = Bad User  //添加此行

2.创建共享目录

[root@hejie ~]# mkdir /opt/ranran
[root@hejie ~]# chmod 777 /opt/ranran/
[root@hejie ~]# ll /opt/ranran/ -d
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Aug 7 19:24 /opt/ranran/

3.配置共享

[root@hejie ~]# cat >> /etc/samba/smb.conf < [ran]
> comment = ranranwoaini
> path = /opt/ranran
> browseable = yes
> writable = yes
> guest ok = yes
> public = yes
> EOF

4.重启服务

[root@hejie ~]# systemctl restart smb

5.在客户机上查看服务器端有哪些共享资源

[root@hyj ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.56.11 -U 'Bad User'
Enter SAMBA\Bad User's password:    // 这里直接敲回车，不用输入密码
 Sharename Type Comment
 --------- ---- -------
 print$ Disk Printer Drivers
 zhengran Disk zhengranwoaini
 ran Disk ranranwoaini
 IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.6.2)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

 Server Comment
 --------- -------

 Workgroup Master
 --------- -------

6.将samba服务器的共享资源ran挂在到客户机上

[root@hyj ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.56.11/ran /opt/ran -o username='Bad User'
Password for Bad User@//192.168.56.11/ran:  
[root@hyj ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1016M 16G 6% /
devtmpfs 982M 0 982M 0% /dev
tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 993M 8.5M 984M 1% /run
tmpfs 993M 0 993M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 125M 890M 13% /boot
tmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/0
//192.168.56.11/ran 47G 5.4G 42G 12% /opt/ran

7.在客户机上进入共享目录创建新文件

[root@hyj ~]# cd /opt/ran/
[root@hyj ran]# ls
[root@hyj ran]# touch a b c
[root@hyj ran]# ls
a b c

8.在服务端验证

[root@hejie ~]# cd /opt/ranran/
[root@hejie ranran]# ls
a b c

本文地址：https://www.linuxprobe.com/samba-file-share-2.html