BigDecimal通过setScale设置小数位数发生ArithmeticException

一、前言

通常进行数值计算时，我们会先将double或float等转为BigDecimal再处理，然后对计算结果通过setScale方法取指定的小数位；但是在这里有时会遇到java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary，下面我们会对此问题进行演示和说明。

二、代码示例

1. 这里以double转BigDecimal后获取不同小数位值来举例说明，具体如下：

package com.dz.config;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.RoundingMode;

/**
 * @author alen
 * @create 2018-11-01 17:39
 **/
public class t {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double d = 10.0000000001;
        String s = "10.0000000001";
        BigDecimal newBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(d);
        BigDecimal newStringBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(s);
        BigDecimal valueOfBigDecimal = BigDecimal.valueOf(d);
        // newBigDecimal===================================
        System.out.println("newBigDecimal's scale:" + newBigDecimal.scale());
        try {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(50):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(50));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(50):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(49):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(49));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(49):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(48):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(48));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(48):" + e);
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(48, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(48, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        }

        // valueOfBigDecimal======================================
        System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal's scale:" + valueOfBigDecimal.scale());
        try {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(50):" + valueOfBigDecimal.setScale(50));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(50):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(49):" + valueOfBigDecimal.setScale(49));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(49):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(48):" + valueOfBigDecimal.setScale(48));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(48):" + e);
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(48, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):" + valueOfBigDecimal.setScale(48, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        }
        // newStringBigDecimal======================================
        System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal's scale:" + newStringBigDecimal.scale());
        try {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(50):" + newStringBigDecimal.setScale(50));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(50):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(49):" + newStringBigDecimal.setScale(49));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(49):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(48):" + newStringBigDecimal.setScale(48));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(48):" + e);
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(48, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):" + newStringBigDecimal.setScale(48, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        }

        d = 10.01;
        s = "10.01";
        newBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(d);
        valueOfBigDecimal = BigDecimal.valueOf(d);
        newStringBigDecimal = new BigDecimal(s);
        // newBigDecimal==========================================
        System.out.println("newBigDecimal's scale:" + newBigDecimal.scale());
        try {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(3):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(3));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(3):" + e);
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(3, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(3, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(2):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(2));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(2):" + e);
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(1):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(1));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(1):" + e);
            System.out.println("newBigDecimal setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):" + newBigDecimal.setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        }

        // valueOfBigDecimal======================================
        System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal's scale:" + valueOfBigDecimal.scale());
        try {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(3):" + valueOfBigDecimal.setScale(3));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(3):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(2):" + valueOfBigDecimal.setScale(2));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(2):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(1):" + valueOfBigDecimal.setScale(1));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(1):" + e);
            System.out.println("valueOfBigDecimal setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):" + valueOfBigDecimal.setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        }
        //
        // newStringBigDecimal======================================
        System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal's scale:" + newStringBigDecimal.scale());
        try {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(3):" + newStringBigDecimal.setScale(3));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(3):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(2):" + newStringBigDecimal.setScale(2));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(2):" + e);
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(1):" + newStringBigDecimal.setScale(1));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(1):" + e);
            System.out.println("newStringBigDecimal setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):" + newStringBigDecimal.setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP));
        }
    }

}

运算结果如下：

newBigDecimal's scale:49

newBigDecimal setScale(50):10.00000000010000000827403709990903735160827636718750

newBigDecimal setScale(49):10.0000000001000000082740370999090373516082763671875

newBigDecimal setScale(48):java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary

newBigDecimal setScale(48, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):10.000000000100000008274037099909037351608276367188

valueOfBigDecimal's scale:10

valueOfBigDecimal setScale(50):10.00000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000

valueOfBigDecimal setScale(49):10.0000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000

valueOfBigDecimal setScale(48):10.000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000

newStringBigDecimal's scale:10

newStringBigDecimal setScale(50):10.00000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000

newStringBigDecimal setScale(49):10.0000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000

newStringBigDecimal setScale(48):10.000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000

newBigDecimal's scale:49

newBigDecimal's value:10.0099999999999997868371792719699442386627197265625

newBigDecimal setScale(3):java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary

newBigDecimal setScale(3, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):10.010

newBigDecimal setScale(2):java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary

newBigDecimal setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):10.01

newBigDecimal setScale(1):java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary

newBigDecimal setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):10.0

valueOfBigDecimal's scale:2

valueOfBigDecimal setScale(3):10.010

valueOfBigDecimal setScale(2):10.01

valueOfBigDecimal setScale(1):java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary

valueOfBigDecimal setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):10.0

newStringBigDecimal's scale:2

newStringBigDecimal setScale(3):10.010

newStringBigDecimal setScale(2):10.01

newStringBigDecimal setScale(1):java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary

newStringBigDecimal setScale(1, RoundingMode.HALF_UP):10.0

2. 结果分析：

通过运行结果我们会发现两种情况：

①通过new直接将double作为参数传入得到的值输出后并不等于原double值，传入string或valueOf方法得到的结果等于原值；

事实上查看Java文档会发现有三种方式将double转为BigDecimal：

1. new BigDecimal(double d)；

2. new BigDecimal(String s)；

3.BigDecimal.valueOf(double d) ；

第一种是double的二进制形式的结果，所以BigDecimal的值并不一定为其原值，如上代码所示：10.0000000001转换后为10.0000000001000000082740370999090373516082763671875 ，共有49位小数（不同机器结果会不同），10.01转换后为10.0099999999999997868371792719699442386627197265625，第二种和第三种结果相同，仍然为原值，因为第三种相当于先将double转为String（Double.toString(double)）。

②同时我们会发现，设置结果小数位数小于当前位数时，如果未设置进位方式会抛出异常：java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary，提示我们进位方式必须，当我们设置四舍五入后即可，其他方式可查看RoundingMode枚举类。

三、结论：

通过上述分析，我们可以看出当对BigDecimal的值进位时需指定进位方式，否则会发生java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary。