《Python编程快速上手》
从Web抓取信息
webbrowser:是Python自带的,打开浏览器获取指定页面。
requests:从因特网上下载文件和网页。
Beautiful Soup:解析HTML,即网页编写的格式。
selenium:启动并控制一个Web浏览器。selenium能够填写表单,并模拟鼠标这这个浏览器中点击。
1.利用webbrowser模块的mapIt.py
webbrowser模块的open()函数可以启动一个新浏览器,打开指定的URL。
import webbrowser
webbrowser.open('https://www.baidu.com/')
2.用requests模块从Web下载文件
import requests
res = requests.get('http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/pg1112.txt')
res.raise_for_status()
playFile = open('test.txt','wb')
for chuck in res.iter_content(100000):
playFile.write(chuck)
playFile.close()
注:res.raise_for_status(),requests.get()返回应该Response对象,可以调用raise_for_status()方法检查requests.get()是否成功,如果成功就什么都不做,如果下载文件出错,这就抛出异常。
3.用BeautifulSoup模块解析HTML
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
print(soup.title)
或者
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
res = requests.get("https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaof/p/6930955.html")
res.raise_for_status()
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
print(soup.title)
或者
import requests
import bs4
res = requests.get("https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaof/p/6930955.html")
res.raise_for_status()
html = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
print(html.title)
4.用selenium模块控制浏览器
selenium模块让Python直接控制浏览器,实际点击链接,填写登陆信息,就像是有一个人类与页面交互。
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("http://www.baidu.com")
print(browser.page_source)
browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("http://www.taobao.com")
input_first = browser.find_element_by_id("q")
input_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("#q")
input_third = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="q"]')
print(input_first)
print(input_second)
print(input_third)
browser.close()