mysql语句(更新)

1.更改使用数据库 use database 

2.创建表

 create table user

(

id int,

name varchar(20),

password varchar(20),

birthday date

);

drop table if exists employee;

create table employee(

id int,

name varchar(20),

gender varchar(6),

birthday date,

entry_date date,

job varchar(30),

salary float(5,1),

resume text

);

3.插入数据

insert into user(id,name,password,birthday) values(1,'zs','123','1999-01-01');

4.查询数据

select * from user;

5.查询表结构

desc user;

6.修改表 其中不输入timestamp表示默认的当前时间

drop table if exists user;

create table user

(

id int,

name varchar(20),

password varchar(20),

birthday timestamp

);

添加列和属性

alter table employee

add image blob;

修改job属性和默认值

alter table employee

modify job varchar(40) default  'java';

删除gender列

alter table employee

drop gender;

表名修改

rename table employee to myemployee;

字符集修改

alter table myemployee

character set utf8;

修改列名

alter table myemployee

change column name username varchar(20);

7.创建/查看/修改/删除表
    create table 表名  
    show create table 表名
    desc 表名
    drop table 表名

8.数据类型

tinyint/smallint/mediumint/int/bigint-->1B/2B/3B/4B/8B
float/double-->单精度/双精度浮点型
decimal-->不会产生精度丢失的单精度/双精度浮点型
date-->日期类型
time-->时间类型
datetime-->日期时间类型
year-->年类型
char-->定长字符串类型
varchar-->可变长字符串类型
tinyblob/blob/mediumblob/longblob-->255B/64K/16M/4G大小的图片/音乐等二进行数据

tinytext/text/mediumtext/longtext-->255B/64K/16M/4G大小的文本数据

9.实例

insert into user(id,username,birthday,entry_date,job,salary,image) 
values(5,'马利','2011-10-8','2011-12-31','software',5000.1,NULL);

//修改客户端输入和输出使用的编码方式，与WindowXP平台一致
set character_set_client=gbk;
set character_set_results=gbk;




将所有员工薪水修改为6000元。
update user set salary = 6000;


将姓名为’马利’的员工薪水修改为7000元。
update user set salary = 7000 where username = '马利';


将’jack’的薪水在原有基础上增加1000元。
update user set salary = salary + 1000 where username = 'jack';


删除表中名称为’jack’的记录。
delete from user where username = 'jack';


删除表中所有记录。
delete from user;


使用truncate删除表中记录。
truncate table user;


查询表中所有学生的信息。
select * from student;
select id,name,math,chinese,english from student;
select name,id,math,chinese,english from student;
select name,math from student;


查询表中所有学生的姓名和对应的英语成绩。
select name,english from student;


过滤表中重复数据。
select distinct english from student;
select distinct name,english from student;


在所有学生分数上加10分特长分。
select name,math+10 from student;
select name as 姓名,math+10 as 数学 from student;


统计每个学生的总分。
select name,math+chinese+english
from student;


使用别名表示学生分数。
select name,math+chinese+english as 总分
from student;


查询姓名为’张小明’的学生成绩
select *
from student 
where name = '张小明';


查询英语成绩大于90分的同学
select *
from student 
where english > 90;


查询总分大于200分的所有同学
select name,chinese+math+english as 总分
from student
where chinese+math+english > 200;


查询英语分数在 80－90之间的同学。
select *
from student
where english>=80 and english<=90;
或 
select *
from student
where english between 80 and 90;


查询数学分数为89,90,91的同学。
select *
from student
where math=89 or math= 90 or math=91;
或
select *
from student
where math [not] in(89,90,91);


查询所有姓’李’的学生成绩。
select *
from student
where name LIKE '李%';


select *
from student
where name LIKE '%李';


select *
from student
where name LIKE '%李%';


---------------------------------------在网站中，多条件查询中用到
select *
from student
where name LIKE '%%';


select *
from student
where name LIKE '__李';


select * 
from student
where math IS [NOT] NULL;




查询数学分>80且语文分>80的同学。
select * 
from student
where math >80 and chinese>80;


对数学成绩排序后输出。
升序：
select * 
from student
order by math asc; 


降序：
select * 
from student
order by math desc; 


对总分降序后输出。
select name,math+chinese+english as 总分
from student
order by math+chinese+english desc;


对姓’李’的学生总分降序输出。
select name,math+chinese+english as 总分
from student
where name LIKE '李%'
order by math+chinese+english desc;


统计一个班级共有多少学生？
select count(*) as 总人数
from student;


统计数学成绩大于80的学生有多少个？
select count(*) as 总人数
from student
where math > 80;


统计总分大于250的人数有多少？
select count(*) as 总人数
from student
where (math+chinese+english) > 250;


select count(english) as 总人数
from student;//13


select count(math) as 总人数
from student;


统计一个班级数学总成绩。
select sum(math)
from student;


select sum(name)
from student;//0


统计一个班级语文、英语、数学各科的总成绩。
select sum(math) as 数学总分,sum(chinese) as 语文总分,sum(english) as 英语总分
from student;


统计一个班级语文、英语、数学的成绩总和。
select sum(math)+sum(chinese)+sum(english) as 班级总分
from student;


统计一个班级语文成绩平均分。
select sum(math)/count(math)
from student;


select sum(math)/count(*)
from student;

合计函数
  avg()
  max(),min()，当max()和min()函数位于日期类型时，分别取得最近日期和最早日期

10.实例2

求班级语文最高分和最低分。
select max(name),min(name)
from student;


drop table if exists teacher;
create table teacher(
   id int,
   name varchar(20),
   birthday date
);
insert into teacher(id,name,birthday) values(1,'jack','2011-1-1');
insert into teacher(id,name,birthday) values(2,'marry','2011-2-2');
insert into teacher(id,name,birthday) values(3,'sisi','2011-3-3');


select max(birthday),min(birthday)
from teacher;


对订单表中商品归类后，显示每一类商品的总价
select product as 类别名,sum(price) as 商品类别总价
from orders
group by product;


查询购买了几类商品，并且每类总价大于100的商品
select product as 类别名,sum(price) as 商品类别总价
from orders
group by product
having sum(price) > 100;


where 和having区别：


where主要用于行过滤器
having主要用于类别过滤器，通常有having就一定出现group by,但有group by的地方，不一定出现having。


drop table if exists teacher;
create table teacher(
   id int primary key auto_increment,
   name varchar(20) not null unique,
   birthday date
);
insert into teacher(name,birthday) values(NULL,'2011-1-1');


insert into teacher(name,birthday) values('marry','2011-2-2');
insert into teacher(id,name,birthday) values(3,'sisi','2011-3-3');


select max(birthday),min(birthday)
from teacher;


删除主键，主键在表中只有一个，要么是一列，要么是多列
alter table teacher drop primary key;


一对一关系(方案一)：
drop table if exists card;
drop table if exists person;


create table person(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 name varchar(20) not null
);
insert into person(name) values('jack');
insert into person(name) values('marry');


create table card(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 location varchar(20) not null,
 pid int,
 constraint pid_FK foreign key(pid) references person(id)
);
insert into card(location,pid) values('BJ',1);
insert into card(location,pid) values('GZ',2);
insert into card(location,pid) values('CS',NULL);
insert into card(location,pid) values('NJ',3);//出错


//删除person表的某记录
delete from person where name = 'jack';




一对一关系(方案二)：
drop table if exists card;
drop table if exists person;


create table person(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 name varchar(20) not null
);
insert into person(name) values('jack');
insert into person(name) values('marry');


create table card(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 location varchar(20) not null,
 constraint id_FK foreign key(id) references person(id)
);
insert into card(location) values('BJ');
insert into card(location) values('GZ');
insert into card(location) values('CS');//出错
insert into card(location) values(NULL);


一对多/多对一关系：
drop table if exists employee;
drop table if exists department;


create table department(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 name varchar(20) not null
);
insert into department(name) values('软件部');
insert into department(name) values('销售部');


create table employee(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 name varchar(20) not null,
 did int,
 constraint did_FK foreign key(did) references department(id)
);
insert into employee(name,did) values('jack',1);
insert into employee(name,did) values('marry',1);


问题？查询"软件部"的所有员工（组合式）
select d.name as 部门名,e.name as 员工名
from department as d,employee as e
where d.name = '软件部';


思考：还有没有其它方法？


分解：
(1)select id from department where name='软件部';
(2)select name from employee where did = 1;
(总)嵌入式SQL
 
  select name as 员工 
  from employee 
  where did = (
select id 
from department 
where name='软件部'
  );




多对多关系：
drop table if exists middle;
drop table if exists student;
drop table if exists teacher;


create table if not exists student(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 name varchar(20) not null
);
insert into student(name) values('jack');
insert into student(name) values('marry');


create table if not exists teacher(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 name varchar(20) not null
);
insert into teacher(name) values('赵');
insert into teacher(name) values('蔡');


create table if not exists middle(
 sid int,
 tid int,
 constraint sid_FK foreign key(sid) references student(id),
 constraint tid_FK foreign key(tid) references teacher(id),
 primary key(sid,tid)
);
insert into middle(sid,tid) values(1,1);
insert into middle(sid,tid) values(1,2);
insert into middle(sid,tid) values(2,1);
insert into middle(sid,tid) values(2,2);


问题？查询"赵"所教过的所有学员
select t.name as 老师, s.name as 学员
from teacher as t,student as s,middle as m
where t.name = '赵'and m.sid=s.id and m.tid=t.id;


模式：
select 列出需要显示的字段
from 列出所涉及到的所有表，建议写别名
where 业务条件 and 表关联条件


使用MySQL特有函数：
到年底还有几少天？
select datediff('2011-12-31',now()); 


截取字符串
select substring('mysql',1,2); //从1开始


保留小数点后2位(四舍五入)
select format(3.1415926535657989,3);  


向下取整(截取)
select floor(3.14);
select floor(-3.14);
select floor(3.54);
select floor(-3.54);


取随机值
select format(rand(),2);


取1-6之间的随机整数值
select floor(rand()*6) + 1;
 
MySQL扩展知识：


查MySQL文档，利用MySQL的函数：随机产生'a'-'z'之间的随机字符。


随机产生'a'-'z'之间的随机字符
(1)查询'a'-'z'对应的Unicode值
   select ascii('a');//97
   select ascii('z');//122


(2)产生97-122之间的随机整数
   select floor(rand()*26)+97;


(3)产生97-122对应的字符
   select char(floor(rand()*26)+97);


查MySQL文档，利用MySQL的函数：对密码'123456'进行MD5加密。
select md5('123456');


drop table user;
create table user(
 id int primary key auto_increment,
 name varchar(20),
 gender varchar(6),
 salary float
);
insert into user(name,gender,salary) values('jack','male',4000);
insert into user(name,gender,salary) values('marry','female',5000);
insert into user(name,gender,salary) values('jim','male',6000);
insert into user(name,gender,salary) values('tom','male',7000);
insert into user(name,gender,salary) values('soso','female',NULL);
insert into user(name,gender,salary) values('haha','female',3500);
insert into user(name,gender,salary) values('hehe','female',4500);
select * from user;


MySQL特有流程控制函数：
1) if(value,第一值,第二值);
value为真，取第一值，否则取第二值
将5000元（含）以上的员工标识为"高薪"，否则标识为"起薪"
类似于Java中的三目运算符


select if(salary>=5000,'高薪','起薪')
from user;


2) ifnull(value1,value2)
value1为NULL，用value2替代
将薪水为NULL的员工标识为"无薪"


select name as 员工,ifnull(salary,'无薪') as 薪水情况
from user;


3) case when [value] then [result1] else [result2] end;
当value表达式的值为true时，取result1的值，否则取result2的值(if...else...)
将5000元（含）以上的员工标识为"高薪"，否则标识为"起薪"


select 
case when salary>=5000 then '高薪'
        else '起薪' end
from user; 


4) case [express] when [value1] then [result1] when [value2] then [result2] else [result3] end;
当express满足value1时，取result1的值，满足value2时，取result2的值，否则取result3的值(switch...case..)
将7000元的员工标识为"高薪"，6000元的员工标识为"中薪",5000元则标识为"起薪"，否则标识为"低薪"


select 
case salary 
when 7000 then '高薪'
when 6000 then '中薪'
when 5000 then '起薪'
else '低薪' end
from user;