http断点续传的原理

(一)断点续传的原理 


  其实断点续传的原理很简单,就是在Http的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已。 
  打个比方,浏览器请求服务器上的一个文时,所发出的请求如下: 
  假设服务器域名为wwww.sjtu.edu.cn,文件名为down.zip。 
  GET /down.zip HTTP/1.1 
  Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms- 
  excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */* 
  Accept-Language: zh-cn 
  Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate 
  User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0) 
  Connection: Keep-Alive 




  服务器收到请求后,按要求寻找请求的文件,提取文件的信息,然后返回给浏览器,返回信息如下: 




  200 
  Content-Length=106786028 
  Accept-Ranges=bytes 
  Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT 
  ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b" 
  Content-Type=application/octet-stream 
  Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0 
  Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT 




  所谓断点续传,也就是要从文件已经下载的地方开始继续下载。所以在客户端浏览器传给 
  Web服务器的时候要多加一条信息--从哪里开始。 
  下面是用自己编的一个"浏览器"来传递请求信息给Web服务器,要求从2000070字节开始。 
  GET /down.zip HTTP/1.0 
  User-Agent: NetFox 
  RANGE: bytes=2000070- 
  Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2 




  仔细看一下就会发现多了一行RANGE: bytes=2000070- 
  这一行的意思就是告诉服务器down.zip这个文件从2000070字节开始传,前面的字节不用传了。 
  服务器收到这个请求以后,返回的信息如下: 
  206 
  Content-Length=106786028 
  Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028 
  Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT 
  ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b" 
  Content-Type=application/octet-stream 
  Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0 
  Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT 




  和前面服务器返回的信息比较一下,就会发现增加了一行: 
  Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028 
  返回的代码也改为206了,而不再是200了。 




  知道了以上原理,就可以进行断点续传的编程了。 




  (二)Java实现断点续传的关键几点 




  (1)用什么方法实现提交RANGE: bytes=2000070-。 
  当然用最原始的Socket是肯定能完成的,不过那样太费事了,其实Java的net包中提供了这种功能。代码如下: 
  URL url = new URL("http://www.sjtu.edu.cn/down.zip"); 
  HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection 




  (); 
  //设置User-Agent 
  httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox"); 
  //设置断点续传的开始位置 
  httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE","bytes=2000070"); 
  //获得输入流 
  InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream(); 




  从输入流中取出的字节流就是down.zip文件从2000070开始的字节流。 
  大家看,其实断点续传用Java实现起来还是很简单的吧。 
  接下来要做的事就是怎么保存获得的流到文件中去了。 




  保存文件采用的方法。 
  我采用的是IO包中的RandAccessFile类。 
  操作相当简单,假设从2000070处开始保存文件,代码如下: 
  RandomAccess oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile("down.zip","rw"); 
  long nPos = 2000070; 
  //定位文件指针到nPos位置 
  oSavedFile.seek(nPos); 
  byte[] b = new byte[1024]; 
  int nRead; 
  //从输入流中读入字节流,然后写到文件中 
  while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0) 
  { 
  oSavedFile.write(b,0,nRead); 
  } 


  怎么样,也很简单吧。 
  接下来要做的就是整合成一个完整的程序了。包括一系列的线程控制等等。 


 (三)断点续传内核的实现 
  主要用了6个类,包括一个测试类。 
  SiteFileFetch.java负责整个文件的抓取,控制内部线程(FileSplitterFetch类)。 
  FileSplitterFetch.java负责部分文件的抓取。 
  FileAccess.java负责文件的存储。 
  SiteInfoBean.java要抓取的文件的信息,如文件保存的目录,名字,抓取文件的URL等。 
  Utility.java工具类,放一些简单的方法。 
  TestMethod.java测试类。 




  下面是源程序: 
  /* 
  **SiteFileFetch.java 
  */ 
  package NetFox; 
  import java.io.*; 
  import java.net.*; 




  public class SiteFileFetch extends Thread { 




  SiteInfoBean siteInfoBean = null; //文件信息Bean 
  long[] nStartPos; //开始位置 
  long[] nEndPos; //结束位置 
  FileSplitterFetch[] fileSplitterFetch; //子线程对象 
  long nFileLength; //文件长度 
  boolean bFirst = true; //是否第一次取文件 
  boolean bStop = false; //停止标志 
  File tmpFile; //文件下载的临时信息 
  DataOutputStream output; //输出到文件的输出流 




  public SiteFileFetch(SiteInfoBean bean) throws IOException 
  { 
  siteInfoBean = bean; 
  //tmpFile = File.createTempFile ("zhong","1111",new File(bean.getSFilePath())); 
  tmpFile = new File(bean.getSFilePath()+File.separator + bean.getSFileName()+".info"); 
  if(tmpFile.exists ()) 
  { 
  bFirst = false; 
  read_nPos(); 
  } 
  else 
  { 
  nStartPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()]; 
  nEndPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()]; 
  } 






  } 




  public void run() 
  { 
  //获得文件长度 
  //分割文件 
  //实例FileSplitterFetch 
  //启动FileSplitterFetch线程 
  //等待子线程返回 
  try{ 
  if(bFirst) 
  { 
  nFileLength = getFileSize(); 
  if(nFileLength == -1) 
  { 
  System.err.println("File Length is not known!"); 
  } 
  else if(nFileLength == -2) 
  { 
  System.err.println("File is not access!"); 
  } 
  else 
  { 
  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
  { 
  nStartPos[i] = (long)(i*(nFileLength/nStartPos.length)); 
  } 
  for(int i=0;i<nEndPos.length-1;i++) 
  { 
  nEndPos[i] = nStartPos[i+1]; 
  } 
  nEndPos[nEndPos.length-1] = nFileLength; 
  } 
  } 




  //启动子线程 
  fileSplitterFetch = new FileSplitterFetch[nStartPos.length]; 
  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
  { 
  fileSplitterFetch[i] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(), 
  siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(), 
  nStartPos[i],nEndPos[i],i); 
  Utility.log("Thread " + i + " , nStartPos = " + nStartPos[i] + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos[i]); 
  fileSplitterFetch[i].start(); 
  } 
  // fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(), 
  siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),nPos[nPos.length-1],nFileLength,nPos.length-1); 
  // Utility.log("Thread " + (nPos.length-1) + " , nStartPos = " + nPos[nPos.length-1] + ", 
  nEndPos = " + nFileLength); 
  // fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1].start(); 




  //等待子线程结束 
  //int count = 0; 
  //是否结束while循环 
  boolean breakWhile = false; 




  while(!bStop) 
  { 
  write_nPos(); 
  Utility.sleep(500); 
  breakWhile = true; 




  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
  { 
  if(!fileSplitterFetch[i].bDownOver) 
  { 
  breakWhile = false; 
  break; 
  } 
  } 
  if(breakWhile) 
  break; 




  //count++; 
  //if(count>4) 
  // siteStop(); 
  } 




  System.err.println("文件下载结束!"); 
  } 
  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 
  } 


//获得文件长度 
  public long getFileSize() 
  { 
  int nFileLength = -1; 
  try{ 
  URL url = new URL(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL()); 
  HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection (); 
  httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox"); 




  int responseCode=httpConnection.getResponseCode(); 
  if(responseCode>=400) 
  { 
  processErrorCode(responseCode); 
  return -2; //-2 represent access is error 
  } 




  String sHeader; 




  for(int i=1;;i++) 
  { 
  //DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(httpConnection.getInputStream ()); 
  //Utility.log(in.readLine()); 
  sHeader=httpConnection.getHeaderFieldKey(i); 
  if(sHeader!=null) 
  { 
  if(sHeader.equals("Content-Length")) 
  { 
  nFileLength = Integer.parseInt(httpConnection.getHeaderField(sHeader)); 
  break; 
  } 
  } 
  else 
  break; 
  } 
  } 
  catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();} 
  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 




  Utility.log(nFileLength); 




  return nFileLength; 
  } 




  //保存下载信息(文件指针位置) 
  private void write_nPos() 
  { 
  try{ 
  output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tmpFile)); 
  output.writeInt(nStartPos.length); 
  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
  { 
  // output.writeLong(nPos[i]); 
  output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nStartPos); 
  output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nEndPos); 
  } 
  output.close(); 
  } 
  catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();} 
  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 
  } 




  //读取保存的下载信息(文件指针位置) 
  private void read_nPos() 
  { 
  try{ 
  DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpFile)); 
  int nCount = input.readInt(); 
  nStartPos = new long[nCount]; 
  nEndPos = new long[nCount]; 
  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
  { 
  nStartPos[i] = input.readLong(); 
  nEndPos[i] = input.readLong(); 
  } 
  input.close(); 
  } 
  catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();} 
  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 
  } 




  private void processErrorCode(int nErrorCode) 
  { 
  System.err.println("Error Code : " + nErrorCode); 
  } 




  //停止文件下载 
  public void siteStop() 
  { 
  bStop = true; 
  for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++) 
  fileSplitterFetch[i].splitterStop(); 




  } 
  } 
  /* 
  **FileSplitterFetch.java 
  */ 
  package NetFox; 




  import java.io.*; 
  import java.net.*; 




  public class FileSplitterFetch extends Thread { 




  String sURL; //File URL 
  long nStartPos; //File Snippet Start Position 
  long nEndPos; //File Snippet End Position 
  int nThreadID; //Thread's ID 
  boolean bDownOver = false; //Downing is over 
  boolean bStop = false; //Stop identical 
  FileAccessI fileAccessI = null; //File Access interface 




  public FileSplitterFetch(String sURL,String sName,long nStart,long nEnd,int id) throws IOException 
  { 
  this.sURL = sURL; 
  this.nStartPos = nStart; 
  this.nEndPos = nEnd; 
  nThreadID = id; 
  fileAccessI = new FileAccessI(sName,nStartPos); 
  } 




  public void run() 
  { 
  while(nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop) 
  { 




  try{ 
  URL url = new URL(sURL); 
  HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection (); 
  httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox"); 
  String sProperty = "bytes="+nStartPos+"-"; 
  httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE",sProperty); 
  Utility.log(sProperty); 




  InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream(); 
  //logResponseHead(httpConnection); 




  byte[] b = new byte[1024]; 
  int nRead; 
  while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0 && nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop) 
  { 
  nStartPos += fileAccessI.write(b,0,nRead); 
  //if(nThreadID == 1) 
  // Utility.log("nStartPos = " + nStartPos + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos); 
  } 




  Utility.log("Thread " + nThreadID + " is over!"); 
  bDownOver = true; 
  //nPos = fileAccessI.write (b,0,nRead); 
  } 
  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 
  } 
  } 




  //打印回应的头信息 
  public void logResponseHead(HttpURLConnection con) 
  { 
  for(int i=1;;i++) 
  { 
  String header=con.getHeaderFieldKey(i); 
  if(header!=null) 
  //responseHeaders.put(header,httpConnection.getHeaderField(header)); 
  Utility.log(header+" : "+con.getHeaderField(header)); 
  else 
  break; 
  } 
  } 




  public void splitterStop() 
  { 
  bStop = true; 
  } 




  } 




  /* 
  **FileAccess.java 
  */ 
  package NetFox; 
  import java.io.*; 




  public class FileAccessI implements Serializable{ 




  RandomAccessFile oSavedFile; 
  long nPos; 




  public FileAccessI() throws IOException 
  { 
  this("",0); 
  } 




  public FileAccessI(String sName,long nPos) throws IOException 
  { 
  oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(sName,"rw"); 
  this.nPos = nPos; 
  oSavedFile.seek(nPos); 
  } 




  public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nStart,int nLen) 
  { 
  int n = -1; 
  try{ 
  oSavedFile.write(b,nStart,nLen); 
  n = nLen; 
  } 
  catch(IOException e) 
  { 
  e.printStackTrace (); 
  } 




  return n; 
  } 




  } 




  /* 
  **SiteInfoBean.java 
  */ 
  package NetFox; 




  public class SiteInfoBean { 




  private String sSiteURL; //Site's URL 
  private String sFilePath; //Saved File's Path 
  private String sFileName; //Saved File's Name 
  private int nSplitter; //Count of Splited Downloading File 




  public SiteInfoBean() 
  { 
  //default value of nSplitter is 5 
  this("","","",5); 
  } 




  public SiteInfoBean(String sURL,String sPath,String sName,int nSpiltter) 
  { 
  sSiteURL= sURL; 
  sFilePath = sPath; 
  sFileName = sName; 
  this.nSplitter = nSpiltter; 




  } 




  public String getSSiteURL() 
  { 
  return sSiteURL; 
  } 




  public void setSSiteURL(String value) 
  { 
  sSiteURL = value; 
  } 




  public String getSFilePath() 
  { 
  return sFilePath; 
  } 




  public void setSFilePath(String value) 
  { 
  sFilePath = value; 
  } 




  public String getSFileName() 
  { 
  return sFileName; 
  } 




  public void setSFileName(String value) 
  { 
  sFileName = value; 
  } 




  public int getNSplitter() 
  { 
  return nSplitter; 
  } 




  public void setNSplitter(int nCount) 
  { 
  nSplitter = nCount; 
  } 
  } 




  /* 
  **Utility.java 
  */ 
  package NetFox; 




  public class Utility { 




  public Utility() 
  { 




  } 




  public static void sleep(int nSecond) 
  { 
  try{ 
  Thread.sleep(nSecond); 
  } 
  catch(Exception e) 
  { 
  e.printStackTrace (); 
  } 
  } 




  public static void log(String sMsg) 
  { 
  System.err.println(sMsg); 
  } 




  public static void log(int sMsg) 
  { 
  System.err.println(sMsg); 
  } 
  } 




  /* 
  **TestMethod.java 
  */ 
  package NetFox; 




  public class TestMethod { 




  public TestMethod() 
  { ///xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe 
  try{ 
  SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost/xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe","L:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5); 
  //SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost:8080/down.zip","L:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5); 
  SiteFileFetch fileFetch = new SiteFileFetch(bean); 
  fileFetch.start(); 
  } 
  catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();} 




  } 




  public static void main(String[] args) 
  { 
  new TestMethod(); 
  } 
  } 





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