FastAPI 基于OAuth2和JWT的Token认证机制(一)生成token

1. OAuth2PasswordBearer

OAuth2PasswordBearer是接收URL作为参数的一个类：客户端会向该URL发送username和password参数，然后得到一个token值。

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OAuth2PasswordBearer并不会创建相应的URL路径操作，只是指明了客户端用来获取token的目标URL。

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当请求到来的时候，FastAPI会检查请求的Authorization头信息，如果没有找到Authorization头信息，或者头信息的内容不是Bearer token，它会返回401状态码(UNAUTHORIZED)。

1.1 需要安装PyJWT来产生和校验JWT token

pip install pyjwt

1.2 需要安装python-multipart，因为OAuth2需要通过表单数据来发送username和password信息

pip install python-multipart

2. 配置信息，在View.py中写入如下

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from typing import Optional

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
import jwt
from pydantic import BaseModel

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32
SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30


class Token(BaseModel):
    access_token: str
    token_type: str


app = FastAPI()

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="/token")

2.1 生成token

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Optional[timedelta] = None):
    to_encode = data.copy()
    if expires_delta:
        expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta
    else:
        expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15)
    to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
    encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
    return encoded_jwt

@app.post("/token", response_model=Token)
async def login_for_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
    access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
    access_token = create_access_token(
        data={"sub": "test"}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
    )
    return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"}