Pytorch 类别标签转换one-hot编码

这里用到了Pytorch的scatter_函数：

scatter_(dim, index, src) → Tensor

Writes all values from the tensor src into self at the indices specified in the index tensor. For each value in src, its output index is specified by its index in src for dimension != dim and by the corresponding value in index for dimension = dim.
For a 3-D tensor, self is updated as:

self[index[i][j][k]][j][k] = src[i][j][k] # if dim == 0
self[i][index[i][j][k]][k] = src[i][j][k] # if dim == 1
self[i][j][index[i][j][k]] = src[i][j][k] # if dim == 2

注意要保证self和index维度一致

对于分类问题，标签可以是类别索引值也可以是one-hot表示。以10类别分类为例，lable=[3] 和label=[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]是一致的.

>>>class_num = 10
>>>batch_size = 4
>>>label = torch.LongTensor(batch_size, 1).random_() % class_num
 3
 0
 0
 8

>>>one_hot = torch.zeros(batch_size, class_num).scatter_(1, label, 1)
    0     0     0     1     0     0     0     0     0     0
    1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
    1     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0
    0     0     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     0

自己做图像分割时，把图像标签转成one-hot编码形式，原图像(1,512,512)，生成one-hot(class_nums, 512, 512)：

gt_onehot = torch.zeros((class_nums, gt.shape[1], gt.shape[2]))
gt_onehot.scatter_(0, gt.long(), 1)

参考：
1.https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/tensors.html?highlight=scatter_#torch.Tensor.scatter_
2.PyTorch——Tensor_把索引标签转换成one-hot标签表示