Linux多台服务器间SSH免密码登录配置

SSH实现各个服务器间的文件相互备份，如运行scp命令，可以实现免密码登录，从而可以使用SHELL脚本实现一些自动化的处理。

假如A机要免密码登录B机，具体方法如下：

1、在A机运行："ssh-keygen -t rsa" 命令，创建公钥信息

#ssh-keygen -t rsa 
Generating public/private rsa key pair. 
Enter file in which to save the key (<UseHome>/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in <UseHome>/.ssh/id_rsa. 
Your public key has been saved in <UseHome>.ssh/id_rsa.pub. 
The key fingerprint is: 
ba:2c:77:eb:6d:aa:aa:d8:37:08:2f:b1:b9:e8:5a:2f <UseName>@<HostName>

输入后，会提示创建.ssh/id_rsa、id_rsa.pub的文件，其中第一个为密钥，第二个为公钥。过程中会要求输入密码，为了ssh访问过程无须密码，可以直接回车

2、公钥部署

拷贝id_rsa.pub中的内容到需要访问的主机，并建立~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件，将先前的id_rsa.pub拷贝到目标机B，如果.ssh目录不存在，则建立文件夹，并将权限设置为700，同时将authorized_keys文件权限设为644，.ssh文件下及下的authorized_keys文件都属于root。

#mkdir -m=700 .ssh
#cp id_rsa.pub .ssh/authorized_keys
#chown root .ssh/authorized_keys
#chmod 644 .ssh/authorized_keys

3. ssh访问

使用ssh <IP/HOSTNAME>进行访问，第一次需要保存ssh认证信息，以后则可以自动登录，其他相关ssh相关程序诸如scp等也可以无需密码 

# ssh <TargetHost> 
The authenticity of host '<TargetHost> (<TargetIP>)' can't be established. 
RSA key fingerprint is 34:b9:92:06:53:e6:91:4d:47:92:73:57:78:6a:5d:09. 
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?yes 
Warning: Permanently added '<TargetHost>,<TargetIP>' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

4.多机部署

如果C机也需要无密码访问B机，则将C的公钥id_rsa.pub复制到B机中文件~/.ssh/authorized_keys的内容末端

#cat id_dsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys