hive hql 语句

保存select查询结果的几种方式：
1、将查询结果保存到一张新的hive表中
create table t_tmp
as
select * from t_p;

2、将查询结果保存到一张已经存在的hive表中
insert into  table t_tmp
select * from t_p;

3、将查询结果保存到指定的文件目录（可以是本地，也可以是hdfs）

(本地)

insert overwrite local directory '/home/hadoop/test'

select * from t_p;

(hdfs)

insert overwrite directory '/aaa/test'

select * from t_p;

-----------------------------------
关于hive中的各种join

准备数据
1,a
2,b
3,c
4,d
7,y
8,u

2,bb
3,cc
7,yy
9,pp



建表：
create table a(id int,name string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';

create table b(id int,name string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';

导入数据：
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/a.txt' into table a;
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/b.txt' into table b;


实验：
** inner join
select * from a inner join b on a.id=b.id;
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+
| a.id  | a.name  | b.id  | b.name  |
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+
| 2     | b       | 2     | bb      |
| 3     | c       | 3     | cc      |
| 7     | y       | 7     | yy      |
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+





**left join
select * from a left join b on a.id=b.id;
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+
| a.id  | a.name  | b.id  | b.name  |
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+
| 1     | a       | NULL  | NULL    |
| 2     | b       | 2     | bb      |
| 3     | c       | 3     | cc      |
| 4     | d       | NULL  | NULL    |
| 7     | y       | 7     | yy      |
| 8     | u       | NULL  | NULL    |
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+





**right join
select * from a right join b on a.id=b.id;





**
select * from a full outer join b on a.id=b.id;
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+
| a.id  | a.name  | b.id  | b.name  |
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+
| 1     | a       | NULL  | NULL    |
| 2     | b       | 2     | bb      |
| 3     | c       | 3     | cc      |
| 4     | d       | NULL  | NULL    |
| 7     | y       | 7     | yy      |
| 8     | u       | NULL  | NULL    |
| NULL  | NULL    | 9     | pp      |
+-------+---------+-------+---------+--+


**
select * from a left semi join b on a.id = b.id;
+-------+---------+--+
| a.id  | a.name  |
+-------+---------+--+
| 2     | b       |
| 3     | c       |
| 7     | y       |
+-------+---------+--+


-------------
多重插入：

from student
insert into table student_p partition(part='a')
select * where Sno<95011;
insert into table student_p partition(part='a')
select * where Sno<95011;

---------------

级联求和

create table t_access_times(username string,month string,salary int)
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';

load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/t_access_times.dat' into table t_access_times;

A,2015-01,5
A,2015-01,15
B,2015-01,5
A,2015-01,8
B,2015-01,25
A,2015-01,5
A,2015-02,4
A,2015-02,6
B,2015-02,10
B,2015-02,5

要得出的结果

+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
| 用户        | 月份     | 月份统计  | 累计统计    |
+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
| A           | 2015-01  | 33        | 33          |
| A           | 2015-02  | 10        | 43          |
| B           | 2015-01  | 30        | 30          |
| B           | 2015-02  | 15        | 45          |
+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+

1、第一步，先求个用户的月总金额
select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month

+-----------+----------+---------+--+
| username  |  month   | salary  |
+-----------+----------+---------+--+
| A         | 2015-01  | 33      |
| A         | 2015-02  | 10      |
| B         | 2015-01  | 30      |
| B         | 2015-02  | 15      |
+-----------+----------+---------+--+

2、第二步，将月总金额表 自己连接 自己连接
select A.username,A.month,max(A.salary) as salary,sum(B.salary) as accumulate
from
(select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month) A
inner join
(select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month) B
on
A.username=B.username
+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+----------+-----------+--+
| a.username  | a.month  | a.salary  | b.username  | b.month  | b.salary  |
+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+----------+-----------+--+
| A           | 2015-01  | 33        | A           | 2015-01  | 33        |
| A           | 2015-01  | 33        | A           | 2015-02  | 10        |
| A           | 2015-02  | 10        | A           | 2015-01  | 33        |
| A           | 2015-02  | 10        | A           | 2015-02  | 10        |
| B           | 2015-01  | 30        | B           | 2015-01  | 30        |
| B           | 2015-01  | 30        | B           | 2015-02  | 15        |
| B           | 2015-02  | 15        | B           | 2015-01  | 30        |
| B           | 2015-02  | 15        | B           | 2015-02  | 15        |
+-------------+----------+-----------+-------------+----------+-----------+--+

3、第三步，从上一步的结果中
进行分组查询，分组的字段是a.username a.month
求月累计值：  将b.month <= a.month的所有b.salary求和即可
select A.username,A.month,max(A.salary) as salary,sum(B.salary) as accumulate
from
(select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month) A
inner join
(select username,month,sum(salary) as salary from t_access_times group by username,month) B
on
A.username=B.username
where B.month <= A.month
group by A.username,A.month
order by A.username,A.month;