IntentService的用法

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/iromkoear/article/details/63252665

IntentService与Service的区别

IntentService 是继承自 Service 并处理异步请求的一个类，在 IntentService 内有一个工作线程来处理耗时操作。

启动IntentService的方式和启动传统的Service一样，同时，当任务执行完后，IntentService会自动停止，而不需要我们手动去控制或stopSelf()。

如果启动 IntentService 多次，那么每一个耗时操作会以工作队列的方式在 IntentService 的 onHandleIntent 回调方法中执行，并且，每次只会执行一个工作线程，执行完第一个再执行第二个，以此类推。

IntentService源码分析

package android.app;

import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;

public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    private String mName;
    private boolean mRedelivery;

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     *
     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
     */
    public IntentService(String name) {
        super();
        mName = name;
    }

    /**
     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor
     * with your preferred semantics.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is true,
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
     * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
     * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only
     * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is false (the default),
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
     * dies along with it.
     */
    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
        mRedelivery = enabled;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();//开启一个工作线程

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();//单独的消息队列
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    /**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
     * receives a start request.
     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

    /**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     * method, because the default implementation returns null.
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind
     */
    @Override
    @Nullable
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to {@link
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
     *               This may be null if the service is being restarted after
     *               its process has gone away; see
     *               {@link android.app.Service#onStartCommand}
     *               for details.
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);
}

IntentService继承自Service，内部有一个HandlerThread对象。

在onCreate的时候会创建一个HandlerThread对象，并启动线程。紧接着创建ServiceHandler对象，ServiceHandler继承自Handler，用来处理消息。ServiceHandler将获取HandlerThread的Looper就可以开始正常工作了。

    每启动一次onStart方法，就会把数消息和数据发给mServiceHandler，相当于发送了一次Message消息给HandlerThread的消息队列。mServiceHandler会把数据传个onHandleIntent方法，onHandleIntent是个抽象方法，需要在IntentService实现，所以每次onStart方法之后都会调用我们自己写的onHandleIntent方法去处理。处理完毕使用stopSelf通知HandlerThread已经处理完毕，HandlerThread继续观察消息队列，如果还有未执行玩的message则继续执行，否则结束。

启动 IntentService 为什么不需要新建线程？

IntentService内部的HandlerThread 继承自 Thread，内部封装了 Looper，在这里新建线程并启动，所以启动 IntentService 不需要新建线程。

为什么不建议通过 bindService() 启动 IntentService？

@Override
    @Nullable
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

IntentService 源码中的 onBind() 默认返回 null；不适合 bindService() 启动服务，如果你执意要 bindService() 来启动 IntentService，可能因为你想通过 Binder 或 Messenger 使得 IntentService 和 Activity 可以通信，这样那么 onHandleIntent() 不会被回调，相当于在你使用 Service 而不是 IntentService。

为什么多次启动 IntentService 会顺序执行事件，停止服务后，后续的事件得不到执行？

    @Override
    public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

IntentService 中使用的 Handler、Looper、MessageQueue 机制把消息发送到线程中去执行的，所以多次启动 IntentService 不会重新创建新的服务和新的线程，只是把消息加入消息队列中等待执行，而如果服务停止，会清除消息队列中的消息，后续的事件得不到执行。