微信公众平台开发概述 | 微信开放文档 (qq.com)https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Overview.htmlPostMan9.0.5使用方法_无线智能模块 可视DIY智能专家-CSDN博客
https://blog.csdn.net/uaime/article/details/120639496?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
一、创建测试账号
可以先申请一个开发者测试账号
用自己微信扫描后即可获得测试账号:
就有了appId 和 appsecret了,微信号在右上角。
二、获取access_token (这个access_token是通过appID 和 appsecret来生成的,只要是向微信服务器发送请求都需要带上这个access_token。)
打开 微信公众平台接口调试工具
程序生成access_token,解决2小时失效的问题,2小时候会重新生成一个。
access_token帮助类:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Xml.Linq;
namespace YangYiEcormerce.WeChat.Web.Common
{
/// <summary>
/// AccessToken帮助类
/// </summary>
public class AccessTokenHelp
{
//填写自己微信的秘钥
private static string appId = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WeChatAppId"];
private static string appSecret = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WeChatAppSecret"];
private static DateTime GetAccessToken_Time;
/// <summary>
/// 过期时间为7200秒
/// </summary>
private static int Expires_Period = 7200;
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
private static string mAccessToken;
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public static string AccessToken
{
get
{
//如果为空,或者过期,需要重新获取
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(mAccessToken) || HasExpired())
{
//获取
mAccessToken = GetAccessToken(appId, appSecret);
}
return mAccessToken;
}
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="appId"></param>
/// <param name="appSecret"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetAccessToken(string appId, string appSecret)
{
string url = string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}", appId, appSecret);
string result = HttpUtility.GetData(url);
XDocument doc = CommonHelp.ParseJsonToXML(result, "root");
XElement root = doc.Root;
if (root != null)
{
XElement access_token = root.Element("access_token");
if (access_token != null)
{
GetAccessToken_Time = DateTime.Now;
if (root.Element("expires_in") != null)
{
Expires_Period = int.Parse(root.Element("expires_in").Value);
}
return access_token.Value;
}
else
{
GetAccessToken_Time = DateTime.MinValue;
}
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 判断Access_token是否过期
/// </summary>
/// <returns>bool</returns>
private static bool HasExpired()
{
if (GetAccessToken_Time != null)
{
//过期时间,允许有一定的误差,一分钟。获取时间消耗
if (DateTime.Now > GetAccessToken_Time.AddSeconds(Expires_Period).AddSeconds(-60))
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
}
HttpUtility类:
/// <summary>
///Http帮助类
/// </summary>
public class HttpUtility
{
/// <summary>
/// 发送请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">Url地址</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
public static string SendHttpRequest(string url, string data)
{
return SendPostHttpRequest(url, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", data);
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetData(string url)
{
return SendGetHttpRequest(url, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">Url地址</param>
/// <param name="method">方法(post或get)</param>
/// <param name="method">数据类型</param>
/// <param name="requestData">数据</param>
public static string SendPostHttpRequest(string url, string contentType, string requestData)
{
WebRequest request = (WebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
request.Method = "POST";
byte[] postBytes = null;
request.ContentType = contentType;
postBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(requestData);
request.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
using (Stream outstream = request.GetRequestStream())
{
outstream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
}
string result = string.Empty;
using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse())
{
if (response != null)
{
using (Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream())
{
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
{
result = reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">Url地址</param>
/// <param name="method">方法(post或get)</param>
/// <param name="method">数据类型</param>
/// <param name="requestData">数据</param>
public static string SendGetHttpRequest(string url, string contentType)
{
WebRequest request = (WebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
request.Method = "GET";
request.ContentType = contentType;
string result = string.Empty;
using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse())
{
if (response != null)
{
using (Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream())
{
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
{
result = reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
ParseJsonToXML方法: (需要引入Newtonsoft.Json.dll)
官网地址:Json.NET - Newtonsoft (学习参考C# Newtonsoft.Json 高级用法 - 五维思考 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com))
案例2:
案例3:
/// <summary>
/// 将Json转化为XML
/// </summary>
/// <param name="json"></param>
/// <param name="rootName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static XDocument ParseJsonToXML(string json, string rootName)
{
return JsonConvert.DeserializeXNode(json, rootName);
}
程序调用获取access_token:
string access_token = Common.AccessTokenHelp.AccessToken;
三、创建菜单:
还是使用调试工具来创建:
JSON格式菜单内容:下面创建的都是一级菜单,更多详细的菜单创建,参考说明文档>>
{
"button": [
{
"name": "9i物联",
"type": "view",
"url": "http://jiuai.blog.csdn.net" //点击菜单访问网址
},
{
"name": "9i分享",
"type": "scancode_push",
"key": "FangweiScan" //点击调用微信二维码扫描,是网址直接访问,是文本则显示文本内容
},
{
"name": "关于9i",
"type": "click",
"key": "OrderQuery" //点击出发click事件,向我们配置的API地址进行请求
}
]
}
请求成功后,取消微信号关注并退出微信,重新进入关注,应该就可以看到添加好的文档了。
想删除重新创建菜单,调用菜单删除就可以了。
四、开发接口、处理文本和事件 (当用户使用微信发送消息或者单击菜单出发事件,就会想配置的API发送请求,API进行处理响应) 消息回复参考文档>>
接口是一个一般处理程序:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Xml;
namespace weixin_api
{
/// <summary>
/// interfaceTest 的摘要说明
/// </summary>
public class interfaceTest : IHttpHandler
{
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext param_context)
{
string postString = string.Empty;
//用户发送消息或点击等事件一般都是POST过来,微信服务器向接口发送POST请求,根据请求我们进行处理反馈
if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod.ToUpper() == "POST")
{
using (Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream)
{
Byte[] postBytes = new Byte[stream.Length];
stream.Read(postBytes, 0, (Int32)stream.Length);
postString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(postBytes);
Handle(postString);
}
}
else
{
//第一次配置接口地址的时候,微信服务器会向接口发送一个GET请求来验证你的接口地址
InterfaceTest();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 处理信息并应答
/// </summary>
private void Handle(string postStr)
{
messageHelp help = new messageHelp();
string responseContent = help.ReturnMessage(postStr);
HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent);
}
//成为开发者url测试,返回echoStr
public void InterfaceTest()
{
string token = "token";
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
{
return;
}
//微信服务器会将下面几个参数发送到接口,接口这边返回接收到的echoStr就说明验证通过,
//主要为了防止别人盗用你的接口,我这边没做逻辑判断直接返回接收到的echoStr来通过验证
string echoString = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["echoStr"];
string signature = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["signature"];
string timestamp = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["timestamp"];
string nonce = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["nonce"];
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(echoString))
{
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(echoString);
HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
}
}
public bool IsReusable
{
get
{
return false;
}
}
}
}
接受/发送消息帮助类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Xml;
namespace weixin_api
{
/// <summary>
/// 接受/发送消息帮助类
/// </summary>
public class messageHelp
{
//返回消息
public string ReturnMessage(string postStr)
{
string responseContent = "";
XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();
xmldoc.Load(new System.IO.MemoryStream(System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312").GetBytes(postStr)));
XmlNode MsgType = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/MsgType");
if (MsgType != null)
{
switch (MsgType.InnerText)
{
case "event":
responseContent = EventHandle(xmldoc);//事件处理
break;
case "text":
responseContent = TextHandle(xmldoc);//接受文本消息处理
break;
default:
break;
}
}
return responseContent;
}
//事件
public string EventHandle(XmlDocument xmldoc)
{
string responseContent = "";
XmlNode Event = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/Event");
XmlNode EventKey = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/EventKey");
XmlNode ToUserName = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/ToUserName");
XmlNode FromUserName = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/FromUserName");
XmlNode ScanResult = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/ScanCodeInfo/ScanResult");
if (Event != null)
{
//菜单单击事件
if (Event.InnerText.Equals("CLICK"))
{
if (EventKey.InnerText.Equals("OrderQuery"))//点击订单查询 这个OrderQuery就是菜单里面的key
{
responseContent = string.Format(ReplyType.Message_Text,
FromUserName.InnerText,
ToUserName.InnerText,
DateTime.Now.Ticks,
"正在开发中,敬请期待!");
}
}
else if (Event.InnerText.Equals("scancode_waitmsg")) //扫码推事件且弹出“消息接收中”提示框的事件推送
{
if (EventKey.InnerText.Equals("FangweiScan")) //点击防伪扫描
{
//....处理返回逻辑
}
}
}
return responseContent;
}
//接受文本消息
public string TextHandle(XmlDocument xmldoc)
{
string responseContent = "";
XmlNode ToUserName = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/ToUserName");
XmlNode FromUserName = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/FromUserName");
XmlNode Content = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/Content");
if (Content != null)
{
//回复文本信息
responseContent = string.Format(ReplyType.Message_Text,
FromUserName.InnerText,
ToUserName.InnerText,
DateTime.Now.Ticks,
"欢迎使用微信公共账号,您输入的内容为:" + Content.InnerText);
}
return responseContent;
}
//写入日志
public void WriteLog(string text)
{
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(".") + "\\log.txt", true);
sw.WriteLine(text);
sw.Close();
}
}
//回复类型
public class ReplyType
{
/// <summary>
/// 普通文本消息
/// </summary>
public static string Message_Text
{
get
{
return @"<xml>
<ToUserName><![CDATA[{0}]]></ToUserName>
<FromUserName><![CDATA[{1}]]></FromUserName>
<CreateTime>{2}</CreateTime>
<MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
<Content><![CDATA[{3}]]></Content>
</xml>";
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 图文消息主体
/// </summary>
public static string Message_News_Main
{
get
{
return @"<xml>
<ToUserName><![CDATA[{0}]]></ToUserName>
<FromUserName><![CDATA[{1}]]></FromUserName>
<CreateTime>{2}</CreateTime>
<MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType>
<ArticleCount>{3}</ArticleCount>
<Articles>
{4}
</Articles>
</xml> ";
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 图文消息项
/// </summary>
public static string Message_News_Item
{
get
{
return @"<item>
<Title><![CDATA[{0}]]></Title>
<Description><![CDATA[{1}]]></Description>
<PicUrl><![CDATA[{2}]]></PicUrl>
<Url><![CDATA[{3}]]></Url>
</item>";
}
}
}
}
五、发送模板消息 (官方说明文档>>)
在公众平台创建模板:
发送模板消息帮助类:
public class TemplateMessage
{
static JavaScriptSerializer Jss = new JavaScriptSerializer();
/// <summary>
/// 给指定的用户发送模板消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="openId">用户标识openid</param>
/// <param name="templateId">对应的模板id</param>
/// <param name="data">对应模板的参数</param>
/// <param name="url">点击对应消息弹出的地址</param>
/// <param name="topcolor">颜色</param>
/// <returns>返回json数据包</returns>
public static string SendTemplate(string openId, string templateId, object data, string url, string topcolor = "#173177")
{
string access_token = AccessTokenHelp.AccessToken;
var msgData = new
{
touser = openId,
template_id = templateId,
topcolor = topcolor,
url = url,
data = data
};
string postData = Jss.Serialize(msgData);
return HttpUtility.SendHttpRequest("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + access_token, postData);
}
/// <summary>
/// 给指定的用户发送模板消息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="openId">用户标识openid</param>
/// <param name="templateId">对应的模板id</param>
/// <param name="data">对应模板的参数</param>
/// <param name="topcolor">颜色</param>
/// <returns>返回json数据包</returns>
public static string SendTemplate(string openId, string templateId, object data, string topcolor = "#173177")
{
string access_token = AccessTokenHelp.AccessToken;
var msgData = new
{
touser = openId,
template_id = templateId,
topcolor = topcolor,
data = data
};
string postData = Jss.Serialize(msgData);
return HttpUtility.SendHttpRequest("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + access_token, postData);
}
}
发送模板消息调用:
var data = new
{
first = new
{
value = "恭喜你购买成功",
color = "#173177"
}
};
string templateId = "ibrQIRAaFkbeRNKpj9SbuJ0Rgs6q1ZTpsNkdf31lZwM";
TemplateMessage.SendTemplate(FromUserName.InnerText, templateId, data);
六、接口开发完成,配置接口信息
配置验证通过后,用户发消息或事件,接口拿到信息就可以做出处理反馈了。
接口URL验证:
public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
{
string postString = string.Empty;
if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod.ToUpper() == "POST")
{
using (Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream)
{
Byte[] postBytes = new Byte[stream.Length];
stream.Read(postBytes, 0, (Int32)stream.Length);
postString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(postBytes);
Handle(postString);
}
}
else
{
//验证签名
if (CheckSignature())
{
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["echoStr"]);
}
else
{
HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("error");
}
}
}
验证签名方法:
/// <summary>
/// 检查签名
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool CheckSignature()
{
string token = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WeChatToken"];
string signature = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["signature"];
string timestamp = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["timestamp"];
string nonce = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["nonce"];
List<string> list = new List<string>();
list.Add(token);
list.Add(timestamp);
list.Add(nonce);
//排序
list.Sort();
//拼串
string input = string.Empty;
foreach (var item in list)
{
input += item;
}
//加密
string new_signature = CommonHelp.SHA1Encrypt(input);
//验证
if (new_signature == signature)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
签名中的SHA1Encrypt加密算法:
/// <summary>
/// SHA1加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="intput">输入字符串</param>
/// <returns>加密后的字符串</returns>
public static string SHA1Encrypt(string intput)
{
byte[] StrRes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(intput);
HashAlgorithm mySHA = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
StrRes = mySHA.ComputeHash(StrRes);
StringBuilder EnText = new StringBuilder();
foreach (byte Byte in StrRes)
{
EnText.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", Byte);
}
return EnText.ToString();
}
如果填写的Token和接口中的Token不一致就会验证失败
这些认真看完,并动手操作一遍,应该不是问题。更多参考内容请参阅以下
文章参考:
1、C#开发微信公众平台-就这么简单(附Demo) - jack_Meng - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
2、C#微信公众号开发入门教程 - IT浪潮之巅 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
3、C#开发微信门户及应用(1)--开始使用微信接口 - 伍华聪 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com) 包含系列
C#开发微信门户及应用(19)-微信企业号的消息发送(文本、图片、文件、语音、视频、图文消息等)
C#开发微信门户及应用(18)-微信企业号的通讯录管理开发之成员管理
C#开发微信门户及应用(17)-微信企业号的通讯录管理开发之部门管理
C#开发微信门户及应用(15)-微信菜单增加扫一扫、发图片、发地理位置功能
C#开发微信门户及应用(14)-在微信菜单中采用重定向获取用户数据
C#开发微信门户及应用(11)--微信菜单的多种表现方式介绍
C#开发微信门户及应用(10)--在管理系统中同步微信用户分组信息
C#开发微信门户及应用(9)-微信门户菜单管理及提交到微信服务器
4、用c#开发微信 系列汇总 - 疯吻IT - 博客园 (cnblogs.com) 包含系列
5、微信 - 随笔分类 - Wuya - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)