第六章 单例模式

1. 单例模式核心概念

• 要求
  对象实例化只允许一次
• 条件
  构造函数、拷贝构造函数、赋值拷贝拷贝设置为private

2. 单例模式实现

2.1 懒汉模式 代码

#include <iostream>

#include <thread>         // std::thread
#include <mutex>          // std::mutex
using namespace std;


class SingleInstance
{

public:
	//
    static SingleInstance* getInstance();
    static void deleteInstance();
    void Print();

private:

    SingleInstance();
    ~SingleInstance();

    SingleInstance(const SingleInstance &signal);
    const SingleInstance &operator=(const SingleInstance &signal);

private:
    static SingleInstance *m_SingleInstance;
    static std::mutex m_Mutex;
};

SingleInstance::SingleInstance(){cout << "SingleInstance" << endl;}
SingleInstance::~SingleInstance(){cout << "~SingleInstance" << endl;}

SingleInstance* SingleInstance::getInstance()
{
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
        if (m_SingleInstance == nullptr)
        {
            m_SingleInstance = new (std::nothrow) SingleInstance();
        }
        return m_SingleInstance;
}

void SingleInstance::deleteInstance()
{
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex); 
    if (m_SingleInstance)
    {
        delete m_SingleInstance;
        m_SingleInstance = nullptr;
    }
}
void SingleInstance::Print()
{
    cout << "AAA" << endl;
}

int
main ()
{
    SingleInstance* obj = SingleInstance::getInstance();
    obj->Print();
    obj->deleteInstance();
  return 0;
}
SingleInstance * SingleInstance::m_SingleInstance = nullptr;
std::mutex SingleInstance::m_Mutex;

输出：
SingleInstance
AAA
~SingleInstance

2.2 懒汉模式 优化

• 智能指针自动完成析构
  std::shared_ptr SingleInstance::m_SingleInstance = nullptr;

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <thread>         // std::thread
#include <mutex>          // std::mutex
using namespace std;


class SingleInstance
{

public:
    static std::shared_ptr<SingleInstance> getInstance();
    static void deleteInstance();
    void Print();
    ~SingleInstance();
private:

    SingleInstance();

    SingleInstance(const SingleInstance &signal);
    const SingleInstance &operator=(const SingleInstance &signal);

private:
    static std::shared_ptr<SingleInstance> m_SingleInstance;
    static std::mutex m_Mutex;
};

SingleInstance::SingleInstance(){cout << "SingleInstance" << endl;}
SingleInstance::~SingleInstance(){cout << "~SingleInstance" << endl;}

std::shared_ptr<SingleInstance> SingleInstance::getInstance()
{
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
        if (m_SingleInstance == nullptr)
        {
            auto temp = std::shared_ptr<SingleInstance>(new SingleInstance());
            m_SingleInstance = temp;
        }
        return m_SingleInstance;
}

void SingleInstance::Print()
{
    cout << "AAA" << endl;
}

int
main ()
{
   std::shared_ptr<SingleInstance> obj = SingleInstance::getInstance();
   obj->Print();

  return 0;
}

std::shared_ptr<SingleInstance> SingleInstance::m_SingleInstance = nullptr;

std::mutex SingleInstance::m_Mutex;

2.2 饿汉模式

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class Singleton
{
public:
	static Singleton* GetInstance()
	{
		return &m_instance;
	}
private:
	// 构造函数私有
	Singleton(){cout << "Singleton" << endl;}
	~Singleton(){cout << "~Singleton" << endl;}

	Singleton(Singleton const&);
	Singleton& operator=(Singleton const&);
	static Singleton m_instance;
};
Singleton Singleton::m_instance; // 在程序入口之前就完成单例对象的初始化



int
main ()
{
    cout << "main" << endl;

  return 0;
}

输出：
Singleton
main
~Singleton