继承HystrixCommand后，getFallback()方法获取不同的异常类型

背景：公司项目目前通过RestTemplate封装了RPC调用，现在要集成Hystrix做熔断和限流。

首先，新建类继承HystrixCommand抽象类，重写run()和getFallback()方法。

其中，run方法做业务处理，即通过restTemplate发送请求；getFallback方法，作为降级处理的方法。

但是降级处理，如果只返回失败，不能区分具体的失败原因，会影响后期的问题排除，所以必须知道业务处理返回的具体异常。

 

HystrixCommand的父类AbstractCommand，提供了获取异常的方法getExecutionException()

    /**
     * Get the Throwable/Exception emitted by this command instance prior to checking the fallback.
     * This exception instance may have been generated via a number of mechanisms:
     * 1) failed execution (in this case, same result as {@link #getFailedExecutionException()}.
     * 2) timeout
     * 3) short-circuit
     * 4) rejection
     * 5) bad request
     *
     * If the command execution was successful, then this exception instance is null (there was no exception)
     *
     * Note that the caller of the command may not receive this exception, as fallbacks may be served as a response to
     * the exception.
     *
     * @return Throwable or null
     */
    public Throwable getExecutionException() {
        return executionResult.getExecutionException();
    }

产生的异常有5种，分别是：

1）执行失败，非Hystrix引起的异常，此情况可以通过getFailedExecutionException获取；

2）超时，会返回HystrixTimeoutException

3）短路，返回RuntimeException

4）拒绝，返回RejectedExecutionException

5）请求异常，返回HystrixBadRequestException，表示参数或者状态错误。

另外，如果没有异常，则返回null。

 

 

getExecutionException与getFailedExecutionException的区别：

    /**
     * Get the Throwable/Exception thrown that caused the failure.
     * <p>
     * If <code>isFailedExecution() == true</code> then this would represent the Exception thrown by the <code>run()</code> method.
     * <p>
     * If <code>isFailedExecution() == false</code> then this would return null.
     * 
     * @return Throwable or null
     */
    public Throwable getFailedExecutionException() {
        return executionResult.getException();
    }

getFailedExecutionException仅仅返回执行失败的异常，getExecutionException返回所有的异常。

 

因此，我们可以通过这几个方法，区分异常的产生原因，包装成可读信息。

    @Override
    protected Object getFallback() {
 
        Throwable executionException = super.getExecutionException();
        if (executionException == null) throw new ProcessException("调用失败，未知错误");
        //非Hystrix造成的异常
        if (super.isFailedExecution()) {
            if (executionException instanceof ProcessException) throw (ProcessException) executionException;
            throw new ProcessException("调用失败: " + executionException.getMessage());
        }
        //Hystrix引起的异常
        if (executionException instanceof HystrixTimeoutException)    throw new ProcessException("hystrix调用超时");
        if (executionException instanceof RejectedExecutionException) throw new ProcessException("hystrix触发限流");
        if (executionException instanceof RuntimeException)           throw new ProcessException("hystrix触发短路");
        if (executionException instanceof HystrixBadRequestException) throw new ProcessException("hystrix请求失败");
        throw new ProcessException("hystrix调用失败");
    }