composite(转)

Motivation

When dealing with tree-structured data, programmers often have to discriminate between a leaf-node and a branch. This makes code more complex, and therefore, error prone. The solution is an interface that allows treating complex and primitive objects uniformly. In object-oriented programming, a composite is an object designed as a composition of one-or-more similar objects, all exhibiting similar functionality. This is known as a "has-a" relationship between objects^[2]. The key concept is that you can manipulate a single instance of the object just as you would manipulate a group of them. The operations you can perform on all the composite objects often have a least common denominator relationship. For example, if defining a system to portray grouped shapes on a screen, it would be useful to define resizing a group of shapes to have the same effect (in some sense) as resizing a single shape.

   1: import java.util.ArrayList;

   2:  

   3: /** "Component" */

   4: interface Graphic {

   5:  

   6:     //Prints the graphic.

   7:     public void print();

   8: }

   9:  

  10: /** "Composite" */

  11: class CompositeGraphic implements Graphic {

  12:  

  13:     //Collection of child graphics.

  14:     private List mChildGraphics = new ArrayList();

  15:  

  16:     //Prints the graphic.

  17:     public void print() {

  18:         for (Graphic graphic : mChildGraphics) {

  19:             graphic.print();

  20:         }

  21:     }

  22:  

  23:     //Adds the graphic to the composition.

  24:     public void add(Graphic graphic) {

  25:         mChildGraphics.add(graphic);

  26:     }

  27:  

  28:     //Removes the graphic from the composition.

  29:     public void remove(Graphic graphic) {

  30:         mChildGraphics.remove(graphic);

  31:     }

  32: }

  33:  

  34: /** "Leaf" */

  35: class Ellipse implements Graphic {

  36:  

  37:     //Prints the graphic.

  38:     public void print() {

  39:         System.out.println("Ellipse");

  40:     }

  41: }

  42:  

  43: /** Client */

  44: public class Program {

  45:  

  46:     public static void main(String[] args) {

  47:         //Initialize four ellipses

  48:         Ellipse ellipse1 = new Ellipse();

  49:         Ellipse ellipse2 = new Ellipse();

  50:         Ellipse ellipse3 = new Ellipse();

  51:         Ellipse ellipse4 = new Ellipse();

  52:  

  53:         //Initialize three composite graphics

  54:         CompositeGraphic graphic = new CompositeGraphic();

  55:         CompositeGraphic graphic1 = new CompositeGraphic();

  56:         CompositeGraphic graphic2 = new CompositeGraphic();

  57:  

  58:         //Composes the graphics

  59:         graphic1.add(ellipse1);

  60:         graphic1.add(ellipse2);

  61:         graphic1.add(ellipse3);

  62:  

  63:         graphic2.add(ellipse4);

  64:  

  65:         graphic.add(graphic1);

  66:         graphic.add(graphic2);

  67:  

  68:         //Prints the complete graphic (four times the string "Ellipse").

  69:         graphic.print();

  70:     }

  71: }